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Thornburg Vs. Gingles
Cites for this judgment
- US Supreme Court
- Jun 30, 1986
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U.S. 30 (1986) U.S. Supreme Court Thornburg v. GinglesSearch
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U.S. 30 (1986) Thornburg v. GinglesSearch
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was amended, largely in response to Mobile v. BoldenSearch
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The amendment was largely a response to this Court's plurality opinion in Mobile v. BoldenSearch
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applied by this Court in White v. RegesterSearch
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disputed districts. In light of this conclusion, the court did not reach appellees' constitutional claims. Gingles v. EdmistenSearch
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First and foremost, the Report dispositively rejects the position of the plurality in Mobile v. BoldenSearch
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plaintiffs must prove it. Id. at 33. B V OTESearch
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U.S. Page 478 U. S. 48 73, 384 U. S. 88 (1966) (quoting Fortson v. DorseySearch
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Brief any citation in this list with AI Studio
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U. S. 433 , 379 U. S. 439 (1965)). See also Rogers v. LodgeSearch
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large election schemes, however, are not per se violative of minority voters' rights. S.Rep. at 16. Cf. Rogers v. LodgeSearch
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McMillan v. EscambiaSearch
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of the majority's success distinguishes structural dilution from the mere loss of an occasional election. Cf. Davis v. BandemerSearch
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United States v. MarengoSearch
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Nevett v. SidesSearch
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Johnson v. HalifaxSearch
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of prior discrimination such as inferior education, poor employment opportunities, and low incomes. See, e.g., White v. RegesterSearch
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Kirksey v. BoardSearch
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win Page 478 U. S. 70 election in a multimember district than in a single-member district. See, e.g., Graves v. BarnesSearch
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F.Supp. 704, 720-721 (WD Tex.1972), aff'd in part and rev'd in part sub nom. White v. RegesterSearch
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quoting United States v. DallasSearch
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To accept this theory would frustrate the goals Congress sought to achieve by repudiating the intent test of Mobile v. BoldenSearch
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Id. at 29, n. 115, quoting Zimmer v. McKeithenSearch
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F.2d 1297, 1307 (CA5 1973) (en banc), aff'd sub nom. East Carroll Parish School Board v. MarshallSearch
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District. v. ULTIMATESearch
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de novo review on appeal. In support of their proposed standard of review, they rely primarily on Bose Corp. v. ConsumersSearch
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of vote dilution as a question of fact subject to the clearly erroneous standard of Rule 52(a). See, e.g., Rogers v. LodgeSearch
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City of Rome v. UnitedSearch
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U.S. at 412 U. S. 765 -770. Cf. Anderson v. BessemerSearch
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at 412 U. S. 769 -770. Quoting this passage from Regester with approval, we expressly held in Rogers v. LodgeSearch
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Page 478 U. S. 79 clearly erroneous standard. 458 U.S. at 458 U. S. 622 -623. Similarly, in City of Rome v. UnitedSearch
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Rogers, supra, at 621, quoting Nevett v. SidesSearch
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of the governing rule of law. Page 478 U. S. 80 466 U.S. at 466 U. S. 501 , citing Pullman-Standard v. SwintSearch
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Inwood Laboratories, Inc. v. IvesSearch
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The history of this action is recounted in greater detail in the District Court's opinion in this case, Gingles v. EdmistenSearch
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These factors were derived from the analytical framework of White v. RegesterSearch
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U. S. 755 (1973), as refined and developed by the lower courts, in particular by the Fifth Circuit in Zimmer v. McKeithenSearch
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F.2d 1297 (1973) (en banc), aff'd sub nom. East Carroll Parish School Board v. MarshallSearch
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that the authoritative source for legislative intent lies in the Committee Reports on the bill. See, e.g., Garcia v. UnitedSearch
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the legal standard that governed voting discrimination cases prior to our decision in Mobile v. BoldenSearch
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U. S. 55 (1980). S.Rep. at 15-16. The Report notes that, in pre- Bolden cases such as White v. RegesterSearch
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U. S. 755 (1973), and Zimmer v. McKeithenSearch
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Blacksher & Menefee, From Reynolds v. SimsSearch
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U.S. Supreme Court Thornburg v. GinglesSearch
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