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North Haven Bd. of Educ. Vs. Bell

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  • US Supreme Court
  • May 17, 1982

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  1. Daniel Vs. Paul US Supreme Court · Jun 02, 1969
  2. United States Vs. Rutherford US Supreme Court · Jun 18, 1979
  3. GriffIn Vs. Breckenridge US Supreme Court · Jun 07, 1971
  4. Chrysler Corp. Vs. Brown US Supreme Court · Apr 18, 1979
  5. Apex Hosiery Co. Vs. Leader US Supreme Court · May 27, 1940
  6. U.S. 512 (1982) U.S. Supreme Court North Haven Bd. of Educ. v. Bell
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  7. U.S. 512 (1982) North Haven Bd. of Educ. v. Bell
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  8. cases were consolidated on appeal, and the Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit reversed. North Haven Bd. of Ed. v. Hufstedler
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  9. a). See Islesboro School Comm. v. Califano
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  10. or forced to work under more adverse conditions than are her male colleagues. See Dougherty Cty. School System v. Harris
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  11. F.2d 735, 737-738 (CA5 1980), cert. pending sub nom. Bell v. Dougherty
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  12. Griffin v. Breckenridge
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  13. Jones v. Alfred
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  14. Piedmont & Northern R. Co. v. ICC
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  15. does extend to employees of educational institutions. See Andrus v. Glover
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  16. Although the statements of one legislator made during debate may not be controlling, see, e.g., Chrysler Corp. v. Brown
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  17. enacted, Page 456 U. S. 527 are an authoritative guide to the statute's construction. See, e.g., FEA v. Algonquin
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  18. NLRB v. Fruit
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  19. Schwegman Bros. v. Calvert
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  20. which was intended to ban discriminatory employment practices, prevailed for substantive reasons. See Gulf Oil Corp. v. Copp
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  21. Schwegmann Bros. v. Calvert
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  22. It is Congress' intention in 1972, not in 1964, that is of significance in interpreting Title IX. See Cannon v. University
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  23. be similar in language and objective, we must not fail to give effect to the differences between them. See Lorillard v. Pons
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  24. employment, and it lends weight to the argument that coverage of employment discrimination was intended. See Sibbach v. Wilson
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  25. Cannon v. University
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  26. U. S. 544 , 442 U. S. 554 , n. 10 (1979), quoting Apex Hosiery Co. v. Leader
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  27. U. S. 469 , 310 U. S. 489 (1940). See also Cannon v. University
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  28. NLRB v. Bell
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  29. United State v. Bergh
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  30. and on which Title IX was modeled, has been interpreted as being program-specific. See Board of Public Instruction v. Finch
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  31. and 902. Cf. Cannon v. University
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  32. that they 'are infected by a discriminatory environment . . .' Board of Public Instruction of Taylor County, Florida v. Finch
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  33. See North Haven Bd. of Ed. v. Hufstedler
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  34. denied both motions, rejecting Potz' contention that the judgment was inconsistent with this Court's opinion in Cannon v. University
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  35. Four Courts of Appeals and several District Courts have so held. See Seattle University v. HEW
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  36. F.2d 992 (CA9), cert. granted sub nom. United States Dept. of Ed. v. Seattle
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  37. Romeo Community Schools v. HEW
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  38. Junior College Dist. of St. Louis v. Califano
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  39. Isleboro School Comm. v. Califano
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  40. Grove City College v. Harris
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  41. Kneeland v. Bloom
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  42. McCarthy v. Burkholder
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  43. F.Supp. 41 (Kan.1978). But see Piascik v. Cleveland
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  44. Museum of Art, 426 F.Supp. 779, 781, n. 1 (ND Ohio 1976). Cf. Dougherty Cty. School System v. Harris
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  45. F.2d 735 (CA5 1980), cert. pending sub nom. Bell v. Dougherty
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  46. particularly when it is longstanding, of the agency charged with the statute's administration. See, e.g., NLRB v. Bell
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  47. Red Lion Broadcasting Co. v. FCC
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  48. in effect, respondent Bell's changed view does not moot the litigation. See American Textile Mfrs. Institute, Inc. v. Donovan
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  49. deference as the interpretation of the agency charged with Title IX's enforcement. See Southeastern Community College v. Davis
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  50. choice. Moreover, even if alternative remedies are available and their existence is relevant, but cf. Cannon v. University
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