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Craig Vs. Boren
Cites for this judgment
- US Supreme Court
- Dec 20, 1976
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U.S. 190 (1976) U.S. Supreme Court Craig v. BorenSearch
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U.S. 190 (1976) Craig v. BorenSearch
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based discrimination that denied to males 18-20 years of age the equal protection of the laws. Recognizing that Reed v. ReedSearch
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has been mooted as to Craig, who became 21 after this Court had noted probable jurisdiction. See, e.g., DeFunis v. OdegaardSearch
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their operations by advocating the rights of third parties seeking access to their market. See, e.g., Eisenstadt v. BairdSearch
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of the gender-based differential is sought, the controversy has been rendered moot as to Craig. See, e.g., DeFunis v. OdegaardSearch
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the reach of this Court's constitutional authority to exercise jurisdiction under Art. III, see, e.g., Sierra Club v. MortonSearch
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Data Processing Service v. CampSearch
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into controversies where the applicable constitutional questions are ill-defined and speculative. See, e.g., Barrows v. JacksonSearch
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Singleton v. WulffSearch
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the present jus tertii champion. Singleton v. WulffSearch
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mandated by Art. III. See, e.g., Singleton v. WulffSearch
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Sullivan v. LittleSearch
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should her constitutional challenge fail and the statutes remain in force. Griswold v. ConnecticutSearch
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acting as advocates of the rights of third parties who seek access to their market or function. See, e.g., Eisenstadt v. BairdSearch
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Indeed, the jus tertii question raised here is answered by our disposition of a like argument in Eisenstadt v. BairdSearch
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a) (Supp. 1976). After the Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit held, in 1972, on the authority of Reed v. ReedSearch
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that the age distinction was unconstitutional for purposes of establishing criminal responsibility as adults, Lamb v. BrownSearch
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ease and convenience as sufficiently important objectives to justify gender-based classifications. See, e.g., Stanley v. IllinoisSearch
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Schlesinger v. BallardSearch
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U. S. 498 , 419 U. S. 506 -507 (1975). And only two Terms ago, Stanton v. StantonSearch
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U. S. 7 (1975), expressly stating that Reed v. ReedSearch
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generalizations, Schlesinger v. BallardSearch
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supra at 419 U. S. 508 , concerning the financial position of servicewomen, Frontiero v. RichardsonSearch
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supra at 411 U. S. 689 n. 23, and working women, Weinberger v. WiesenfeldSearch
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characterizations incapable of supporting state statutory schemes that were premised upon their accuracy. Stanton v. StantonSearch
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Taylor v. LouisianaSearch
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for identifying those instances where the sex-centered generalization actually comported with fact. See, e.g., Stanley v. IllinoisSearch
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Cleveland Board of Education v. LaFleurSearch
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age drawn by the Oklahoma statute. We conclude that it does not. B The District Court recognized that Reed v. ReedSearch
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Springer v. BlissSearch
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within their borders free from implied restrictions under the Commerce Clause. Later in the century, however, Leisy v. HardinSearch
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Clark Distilling Co. v. WesternSearch
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that the Amendment primarily created an exception to the normal operation of the Commerce Clause. See, e.g., Hostetter v. IdlewildSearch
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Finch & Co. v. McKittrickSearch
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