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Gaffney Vs. Cummings
Cites for this judgment
- US Supreme Court
- Jun 18, 1973
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U.S. 735 (1973) U.S. Supreme Court Gaffney v. CummingsSearch
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U.S. 735 (1973) Gaffney v. CummingsSearch
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In Connecticut, towns, rather than counties, are the basic unit of local government. See Butterworth v. DempseySearch
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Brief any citation in this list with AI Studio
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Id. at 148. The court relied in part on Kirkpatrick v. PreislerSearch
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U.S. at 394 U. S. 531 . In Kirkpatrick and in Wells v. RockefellerSearch
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It is the standard of these cases which is the prevailing rule under Art. I and which we confirm in White v. WeiserSearch
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when reviewing state legislative reapportionments under the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Mahan v. HowellSearch
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state legislative reapportionments Page 412 U. S. 742 governed by the Fourteenth Amendment and Reynolds v. SimsSearch
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make applicable to congressional reapportionment, but instead by the equal protection test enunciated in Reynolds v. SimsSearch
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be struck down absent adequate state justification. Nor had we so held in any prior state reapportionment case. Swann v. AdamsSearch
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U. S. 440 (1967), and Kilgarlin v. HillSearch
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think the point is well taken, and that the District Court erred in holding to the contrary. As we noted in Mahan v. HowellSearch
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so far suggested. There were thus the enormous variations struck down in the early cases beginning with Reynolds v. SimsSearch
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as well as the much smaller, but nevertheless unacceptable, deviations appearing in later cases such as Swann v. AdamsSearch
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and Whitcomb v. ChavisSearch
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U. S. 124 , 403 U. S. 161 -163 (1971). Page 412 U. S. 745 On the other hand, as Mahan v. HowellSearch
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and legally sustainable. It is now time to recognize, in the context of the eminently reasonable approach of Reynolds v. SimsSearch
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aliens, nonresident military personnel, nonresident students, for example. See Burns v. RichardsonSearch
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factors to be taken into account and other important interests that States may legitimately be mindful of. See Mahan v. HowellSearch
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Sailors v. BoardSearch
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U.S. at 384 U. S. 92 , is primarily a political and legislative process. Reynolds v. SimsSearch
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be invalid because it fences out a racial group so as to deprive them of their preexisting municipal vote. Gomillion v. LightfootSearch
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U. S. 433 , 379 U. S. 439 (1965). See White v. RegesterSearch
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plan is sufficient to invalidate it. Our cases indicate quite the contrary. Page 412 U. S. 753 See White v. RegesterSearch
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groups have been fenced out of the political process and their voting strength invidiously minimized. See White v. RegesterSearch
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supra. See also Gomillion v. LightfootSearch
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The order was entered in a parallel state proceeding, Miller v. SchafferSearch
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others, while senatorial districts could be 32 times larger than others. Maryland Committee for Fair Representation v. TawesSearch
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to elect a Senate majority. See Butterworth v. DempseySearch
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U.S. Supreme Court Gaffney v. CummingsSearch
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See Butterworth v. DempseySearch
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White v. WeiserSearch
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the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Mahan v. HowellSearch
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the Fourteenth Amendment and Reynolds v. SimsSearch
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and Kilgarlin v. HillSearch
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of Reynolds v. SimsSearch
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See Burns v. RichardsonSearch
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See Mahan v. HowellSearch
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