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Johnson Vs. New Jersey

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  • US Supreme Court
  • Jun 20, 1966

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  1. Tehan Vs. Shott US Supreme Court · Jan 19, 1966
    Relied / Followed
  2. Linkletter Vs. Walker US Supreme Court · Jun 07, 1965
    Relied / Followed
  3. Cicenia Vs. Lagay US Supreme Court · Jun 30, 1958
    Relied / Followed
  4. Wolf Vs. Colorado US Supreme Court · Jun 27, 1949
  5. Malloy Vs. Hogan US Supreme Court · Jun 15, 1964
  6. Johnson v. New
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  7. Jersey - 384 U.S. 719 (1966) U.S. Supreme Court Johnson v. New
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  8. Jersey, 384 U.S. 719 (1966) Johnson v. New
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  9. final six years ago. On collateral attack, petitioners now argue that the confessions were inadmissible under Escobedo v. Illinois
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  10. Neither Escobedo nor Miranda v. Arizona
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  11. set down additional guidelines, is to be applied retroactively. Pp. 384 U. S. 726 -735. (a) Linkletter v. Walker
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  12. U. S. 618 , and Tehan v. Shott
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  13. JUSTICE WARREN, announced by MR. JUSTICE BRENNAN In this case, we are called upon to determine whether Escobedo v. Illinois
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  14. U. S. 478 (1964), and Miranda v. Arizona
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  15. with the problem of retroactivity in connection with other constitutional rules of criminal procedure. Linkletter v. Walker
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  16. U.S. at 382 U. S. 413 . In Linkletter, we declined to apply retroactively the rule laid down in Mapp v. Ohio
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  17. U.S. at 381 U. S. 639 . Likewise in Tehan, we declined to give retroactive effect to Griffin v. California
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  18. of criminal procedure laid down in recent years, where different guarantees were involved. For example, in Gideon v. Wainwright
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  19. the right of an indigent to the advice of counsel at trial, we reviewed a denial of habeas corpus. Similarly, Jackson v. Denno
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  20. constitutional guarantee involved. The right to be represented by counsel at trial, applied retroactively in Gideon v. Wainwright
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  21. of the factfinding process at trial is necessarily a matter of degree. We gave retroactive effect to Jackson v. Denno
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  22. On the other hand, we denied retroactive application to Griffin v. California
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  23. completed, providing, of course, that the procedural prerequisites for direct or collateral attack are met. See Fay v. Noia
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  24. which, because of the persistence of abusive practices, has become increasingly meticulous through the years. See Reck v. Pate
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  25. the accused of his privilege against self-incrimination or to allow him access to outside assistance. See Haynes v. Washington
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  26. Spano v. New
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  27. of the voluntariness of their confessions if a full and fair hearing has not already been afforded them. See Townsend v. Sain
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  28. access to outside assistance, as factors tending to prove the involuntariness of the resulting confessions. See Haynes v. Washington
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  29. to condemn an entire process of in-custody interrogation solely because of such conduct by the police. See Crooker v. California
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  30. years preceding Escobedo and Miranda. This is in favorable comparison to the situation before Mapp v. Ohio
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  31. at least knew that they were constitutionally forbidden from engaging in unreasonable searches and seizures under Wolf v. Colorado
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  32. the assistance of counsel or to advise accused persons of their privilege against self-incrimination. Compare Crooker v. California
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  33. U.S. at 357 U. S. 448 , n. 4 (dissenting opinion). By comparison, Mapp v. Ohio
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  34. at the time it was rendered, and only six States were immediately Page 384 U. S. 732 affected by Griffin v. California
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  35. U. S. 609 (1965). See Tehan v. Shott
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  36. In the light of these various considerations, we conclude that Escobedo and Miranda, like Mapp v. Ohio
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  37. supra, and Griffin v. California
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  38. In appropriate prior cases, we have already applied new judicial standards in a wholly prospective manner. See England v. Louisiana
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  39. James v. United
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  40. and these guidelines are therefore available only to persons whose trials had not begun as of June 13, 1966. See Tehan v. Shott
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  41. U.S. at 382 U. S. 409 , Page 384 U. S. 735 n. 3, in relation to Malloy v. Hogan
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  42. U. S. 1 (1964), and Griffin v. California
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  43. relevant to a coerced confession claim, and that such a claim presents no problem of retroactivity. See also Davis v. North
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  44. State v. Smith
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  45. be the significance of the state court's reliance on its procedural rule in federal habeas corpus proceedings. See Fay v. Noia
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  46. in the opinion and judgment of the Court. He adheres, however, to the views stated in his separate opinion in Miranda v. Arizona
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  47. however, for the reasons stated in the dissenting opinions of MR. JUSTICE HARLAN and MR. JUSTICE WHITE in Miranda v. Arizona
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  48. not entitled to the full protections of the Fifth and Sixth Amendments as this Court has construed them in Escobedo v. Illinois
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  49. U. S. 478 , and Miranda v. Arizona
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  50. ante, p. 384 U. S. 436 , for substantially the same reasons stated in his dissenting opinion in Linkletter v. Walker
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