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Johnson Vs. New Jersey
Cites for this judgment
- US Supreme Court
- Jun 20, 1966
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Johnson v. NewSearch
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Jersey - 384 U.S. 719 (1966) U.S. Supreme Court Johnson v. NewSearch
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Jersey, 384 U.S. 719 (1966) Johnson v. NewSearch
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final six years ago. On collateral attack, petitioners now argue that the confessions were inadmissible under Escobedo v. IllinoisSearch
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Neither Escobedo nor Miranda v. ArizonaSearch
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set down additional guidelines, is to be applied retroactively. Pp. 384 U. S. 726 -735. (a) Linkletter v. WalkerSearch
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U. S. 618 , and Tehan v. ShottSearch
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JUSTICE WARREN, announced by MR. JUSTICE BRENNAN In this case, we are called upon to determine whether Escobedo v. IllinoisSearch
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U. S. 478 (1964), and Miranda v. ArizonaSearch
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with the problem of retroactivity in connection with other constitutional rules of criminal procedure. Linkletter v. WalkerSearch
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Brief any citation in this list with AI Studio
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U.S. at 382 U. S. 413 . In Linkletter, we declined to apply retroactively the rule laid down in Mapp v. OhioSearch
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U.S. at 381 U. S. 639 . Likewise in Tehan, we declined to give retroactive effect to Griffin v. CaliforniaSearch
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of criminal procedure laid down in recent years, where different guarantees were involved. For example, in Gideon v. WainwrightSearch
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the right of an indigent to the advice of counsel at trial, we reviewed a denial of habeas corpus. Similarly, Jackson v. DennoSearch
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constitutional guarantee involved. The right to be represented by counsel at trial, applied retroactively in Gideon v. WainwrightSearch
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of the factfinding process at trial is necessarily a matter of degree. We gave retroactive effect to Jackson v. DennoSearch
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On the other hand, we denied retroactive application to Griffin v. CaliforniaSearch
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completed, providing, of course, that the procedural prerequisites for direct or collateral attack are met. See Fay v. NoiaSearch
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which, because of the persistence of abusive practices, has become increasingly meticulous through the years. See Reck v. PateSearch
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the accused of his privilege against self-incrimination or to allow him access to outside assistance. See Haynes v. WashingtonSearch
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Spano v. NewSearch
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of the voluntariness of their confessions if a full and fair hearing has not already been afforded them. See Townsend v. SainSearch
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access to outside assistance, as factors tending to prove the involuntariness of the resulting confessions. See Haynes v. WashingtonSearch
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to condemn an entire process of in-custody interrogation solely because of such conduct by the police. See Crooker v. CaliforniaSearch
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years preceding Escobedo and Miranda. This is in favorable comparison to the situation before Mapp v. OhioSearch
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at least knew that they were constitutionally forbidden from engaging in unreasonable searches and seizures under Wolf v. ColoradoSearch
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the assistance of counsel or to advise accused persons of their privilege against self-incrimination. Compare Crooker v. CaliforniaSearch
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U.S. at 357 U. S. 448 , n. 4 (dissenting opinion). By comparison, Mapp v. OhioSearch
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at the time it was rendered, and only six States were immediately Page 384 U. S. 732 affected by Griffin v. CaliforniaSearch
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U. S. 609 (1965). See Tehan v. ShottSearch
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In the light of these various considerations, we conclude that Escobedo and Miranda, like Mapp v. OhioSearch
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supra, and Griffin v. CaliforniaSearch
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In appropriate prior cases, we have already applied new judicial standards in a wholly prospective manner. See England v. LouisianaSearch
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James v. UnitedSearch
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and these guidelines are therefore available only to persons whose trials had not begun as of June 13, 1966. See Tehan v. ShottSearch
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U.S. at 382 U. S. 409 , Page 384 U. S. 735 n. 3, in relation to Malloy v. HoganSearch
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U. S. 1 (1964), and Griffin v. CaliforniaSearch
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relevant to a coerced confession claim, and that such a claim presents no problem of retroactivity. See also Davis v. NorthSearch
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State v. SmithSearch
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be the significance of the state court's reliance on its procedural rule in federal habeas corpus proceedings. See Fay v. NoiaSearch
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in the opinion and judgment of the Court. He adheres, however, to the views stated in his separate opinion in Miranda v. ArizonaSearch
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however, for the reasons stated in the dissenting opinions of MR. JUSTICE HARLAN and MR. JUSTICE WHITE in Miranda v. ArizonaSearch
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not entitled to the full protections of the Fifth and Sixth Amendments as this Court has construed them in Escobedo v. IllinoisSearch
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U. S. 478 , and Miranda v. ArizonaSearch
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ante, p. 384 U. S. 436 , for substantially the same reasons stated in his dissenting opinion in Linkletter v. WalkerSearch
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