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Home Bare Acts Phrase: wrongfulIndian Penal Code (45 of 1860) Section 23
Title: "wrongful Gain"
State: Central
Year: 1860
"Wrongful gain" is gain by unlawful means of property to which the person gaining is not legally entitled. "Wrongful loss".--"Wrongful loss" is the loss by unlawful means of property to which the person losing it is legally entitled. Gaining wrongfully, losing wrongfully.--A person is said to gain wrongfully when such person retains wrongfully, as well as when such person acquires wrongfully. A person is said to lose wrongfully when such person is wrongfully kept out of any property, as well as when such person is wrongfully deprived of property.
View Complete Act List Judgments citing this sectionIndian Succession Act, 1925 Chapter 5
Title: Of Executors of their Own Wrong
State: Central
Year: 1925
.....payment of the debts of the deceased. He is an executor of his own wrong. (ii) A, having been appointed agent by the deceased in his lifetime to collect his debts and sell his goods, continues to do so after he has become aware of his death. He is an executor or his own wrong in repect of acts done after he has become aware of the death of the deceased. (iii) A sues as executor of the deceased, not being such. He is an executor of his own wrong. Section 304 - Liability of executor of his own wrong When a person has so acted as to become an executor of his own wrong, he is answerable to the rightful executor or administrator, or to any creditor or legatee of the deceased, to the extent of the assets which may have come to his hands after deducting payments made to the rightful executor or administrator, and payments made in due course of administration.
View Complete Act List Judgments citing this sectionLegal Representatives Suits Act, 1855 Section 1
Title: Executors May Sue and Be Sued in Certain Cases for Wrongs Committed in Lifetime of Deceased
State: Central
Year: 1855
.....and the damages.when recovered, shall be part of the personal estate of such person; and further, an action may be maintained against the executors or administrators or heirs or representatives of any person deceased for any wrong committed by him in his lifetime for which he would have been subject to an action, so as such wrong shall have been committed within one year before such person's death {The words " and so as such action shall he commenced within two years after the committing of the wrong " rep by Act 9 of 1871, s.2.For limitation see now Act 9 of 1908.} ; and the damages to be recovered in such action shall, if recovered against an executor or administrator bound to administer according to the English law, be payable in like order of administration as the simple contract debts of such person.
View Complete Act List Judgments citing this sectionIndian Succession Act, 1925 Section 303
Title: Executor of His Own Wrong
State: Central
Year: 1925
A person who intermeddles with the estate of the deceased, or does any other act which belongs to the office of executor, while there is no rightful executor or administrator in existence, thereby makes himself an executor of his own wrong. Exceptions. (1) Intermeddling with the goods of the deceased for the purpose of preserving them or providing for his funeral or for the immediate necessities of his family or property, does not make an executor of his own wrong. (2) Dealing in the ordinary course of business with goods of the deceased received from another does not make an executor of his own wrong. Illustrations (i) A uses or gives away or sells some of the goods of the deceased, or takes them to satisfy his own debt or legacy or receives payment of the debts of the deceased. He is an executor of his own wrong. (ii) A, having been appointed agent by the deceased in his lifetime to collect his debts and sell his goods, continues to do so after he has become aware of his death. He is an executor or his own wrong in repect of acts done after he has become aware of the death of the deceased. (iii) A sues as executor of the deceased, not being such. He is an executor.....
View Complete Act List Judgments citing this sectionCompanies Act, 1956 Section 630
Title: Penalty for Wrongful Withholding of Property
State: Central
Year: 1956
(1) If any officer or employee of a company. (a) wrongfully obtains possession of any property of a company; or (b) having any such property in his possession, wrongfully withholds it or knowingly applies it to purposes other than those expressed or directed in the articles and authorised by this Act, he shall, on the complaint of the company or any creditor or contributory thereof, be punishable with fine which may extend to 1[ten thousand rupees]. (2) The court trying the offence may also order such officer or employee to deliver up or refund, within a time to be fixed by the court, any such property wrongfully obtained or wrongfully withheld or knowingly misapplied, or in default, to suffer imprisonment for a term which may extend to two years. _________________________ 1. Substituted by Act 53 of 2000, Section 225, for one thousand rupees (w.e.f. 13-12-2000).
View Complete Act List Judgments citing this sectionIndian Penal Code (45 of 1860) Section 340
Title: Wrongful Confinement
State: Central
Year: 1860
Whoever wrongfully restrains any person in such a manner as to prevent that person from proceedings beyond certain circumscribing limits, is said "wrongfully to confine" that person. Illustrations (a) A causes Z to go within a walled space, and locks Z in. A is thus prevented from proceeding in any direction beyond the circumscribing line of wall. A wrongfully confines Z. (b) A places men with firearms at the outlets of a building, and tells Z that they will fire at Z if Z attempts to leave the building. A wrongfully confines Z.
View Complete Act List Judgments citing this sectionCompanies Act, 2013, Section 452
Title: Punishment for Wrongful Withholding of Property
State: Central
Year: 2013
(1) If any officer or employee of a company-- (a) wrongfully obtains possession of any property, including cash of the company; or (b) having any such property including cash in his possession, wrongfully withholds it or knowingly applies it for the purposes other than those expressed or directed in the articles and authorised by this Act, he shall, on the complaint of the company or of any member or creditor or contributory thereof, be punishable with fine which shall not be less than one lakh rupees but which may extend to five lakh rupees. (2) The Court trying an offence under sub-section (1) may also order such officer or employee to deliver up or refund, within a time to be fixed by it, any such property or cash wrongfully obtained or wrongfully withheld or knowingly misapplied, the benefits that have been derived from such property or cash or in default, to undergo imprisonment for a term which may extend to two years.
View Complete Act List Judgments citing this sectionBombay Non-trading Corporations Act, 1959, (Maharashtra) Section 83
Title: Penalty for Wrongful Withholding of Property
State: Maharashtra
Year: 1959
(1) If any officer or employee of a corporation- (a) wrongfully obtains possession of any property of a corporation; or (b) having any such property in his possession, wrongfully withholds it or knowingly applies it to purposes other than those expressed or directed in the articles and authorised by this Act, he shall, on the complaint of the corporation or any creditor or contributory thereof, on conviction, be punished with fine which may extend to five hundred rupees. (2) The Court trying the offence may also order such officer or employee to deliver up or refund, within a time to be fixed by the Court, any such property wrongfully obtained or wrongfully withheld or knowingly misapplied, or in default, to suffer imprisonment for a term which may extend to two years.
View Complete Act List Judgments citing this sectionAir Corporations Act, 1953 [Repealed] Section 43
Title: Penalty for Wrongful Withholding of Property
State: Central
Year: 1953
If a director, managing agent, manager or other officer or employee of an existing air company who wilfully withholds or fails to deliver to the Corporation as required by sub-section (2) of section 21 any books, documents or papers which may be in his possession or who wrongfully obtains possession of any property of any such company which has vested in either of the Corporations under this Act or having any such property in his possession wrongfully withholds it from the Corporation or wilfully applies it to purposes other than those expressed in, or authorised by, this Act shall on the complaint of the Corporation concerned, be punishable with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees and may be ordered by the Court trying the offence to deliver up or refund within a time to be fixed by the Court any such property improperly obtained or wrongfully withheld or wilfully misapplied or in default to suffer imprisonment which may extend to one year.
View Complete Act List Judgments citing this sectionCode of Civil Procedure, 1908 Section 19
Title: Suitsfor Compensation for Wrongs to Person or Movables
State: Central
Year: 1908
Where a suit is for compensation for wrong done to the person or to movable property, if the wrong was done within the local limits of the jurisdiction of one Court and the defendant resides, or carries on business, or personally works for gain, within the local limits of the jurisdiction of another Court, the suit may be instituted at the option of the plaintiff in either of the said Courts. Illustrations (a) A, residing in Delhi, beats B in Calcutta, B may sue A either in Calcutta or in Delhi. (b) A, residing in Delhi, publishes in Calcutta statements defamatory of B. B may sue A either in Calcutta or in Delhi.
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