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Indian Evidence Act 1872 Section 79

Title: Presumption as to Genuineness of Certified Copies

State: Central

Year: 1872

The Court shall presume1[to be genuine] every document purporting to be a certificate, certified copy, or other document, which is by law declared to be admissible as evidence of any particular fact and which purports to be duly certified by an officer2[of the Central Government or of a State Government, or by any officer3[in the Slate of Jammu and Kaashmir] who is duly authorized thereto by the Central Government]: Provided that such document is substantially in the form and purports to be executed in the manner directed by law in that behalf. The Court shall also presume that any officer by whom any such document purports to be signed or certified held when he signed it, the official character which he claims in such paper. ________________________ 1. Inserted by the A.O. 1948. 2. The original word beginning from "in British India" and ending with the words "to be genuine have been successively amended by the A.O. 1937, A.O. 1948 and A.O. 1950 to read as above. 3. Substituted by Act 3 of 1951, section 3 and Schedule, for "in a Part B State".

Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860) Section 241

Title: Delivery of Coin as Genuine, Which, when First Possessed, the Deliverer Did Not Know to Be Counterfeit

State: Central

Year: 1860

Whoever delivers to any other person as genuine, or attempts to induce any other person to receive as genuine, any counterfeit coin which he knows to be counterfeit, but which he did not know to be counterfeit at the time when he took it into his possession, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine to an amount which may extend to ten times the value of the coin counterfeited, or with both. Illustration A, a coiner, delivers counterfeit Company's rupees to his accomplice B, for the purpose of uttering them. B sells the rupees to C, another utterer, who buys them knowing them to be counterfeit. C pays away the rupees for goods to D, who receives them, not knowing them to be counterfeit. D, after receiving the rupees, discovers that they are counterfeit and pays them away as if they were good. Here D is punishable only under this section, but B and C are punishable under section 239 or 240, as the case may be.

Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860) Section 254

Title: Delivery of Coin as Genuine, Which, when First Possessed, the Deliverer Did Not Know to Be Altered

State: Central

Year: 1860

Whoever delivers to any other person as genuine or as a coin of a different description from what it is, or attempts to induce any person to receive as genuine, or as a different coin from what it is, any coin in respect of which he knows that any such operation as that mentioned in section 246, 247, 248 or 249 has been performed, but in respect of which he did not, at the time when he took it into his possession, know that such operation had been performed, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine to an amount which may extend to ten times the value of the coin for which the altered coin is passed, or attempted to be passed.

Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860) Section 471

Title: Using as Genuine a Forged Document or Electronic Record

State: Central

Year: 1860

471. Using as genuine a forged1[document or electronic record] Whoever fraudulently or dishonestly uses as genuine any1[document or electronic record] which he knows or has reason to believe to be a forged1[document or electronic record], shall be punished in the same manner as if he had forged such1[document or electronic record]. ________________________ 1. Substituted by Act 21 of 2000, section 91 and Schedule, I, for "document" (w.e.f. 17-10-2000).

Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860) Section 489B

Title: Using as Genuine, Forged or Counterfeit Currency-notes or Bank-notes

State: Central

Year: 1860

1 [489B. Using as genuine, forged or counterfeit currency-notes or bank-notes Whoever sells to, or buys or receives from, any other person, or otherwise traffics in or uses as genuine, any forged or counterfeit currency-note or bank-note, knowing or having reason to believe the same to be forged or counterfeit, shall be punished with 2 [imprisonment for life], or with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.] ________________________ 1. Added by Act 12 of 1899, section 2. 2. Substituted by Act 26 of 1955, section 117 and Schedule, for "transportation for life" (w.e.f. 1-1-1956).

Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860) Section 260

Title: Using as Genuine a Government Stamp Known to Be a Counterfeit

State: Central

Year: 1860

Whoever uses as genuine any stamp, knowing it to be counterfeit of any stamp issued by Government for the purpose of revenue, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, or with fine, or with both.

Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860) Section 474

Title: Having Possession of Document Described in Section 466 or 467, Knowing It to Be Forged and Intending to Use It as Genuine

State: Central

Year: 1860

1 [Whoever has in his possession any document or electronic record, knowing the same to be forged and intending that the same shall fraudulently or dishonestly be used as genuine, shall, if the document or electronic record is one of the description mentioned in section 466 of this Code], be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine; and if the document is one of the description mentioned in section 467, shall be punished with 2 [imprisonment for life], or with imprisonment of either description, for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine. ________________________ 1. Substituted by Act 21 of 2000, section 91 and Schedule I, for certain words (w.e.f. 17-10-2000). 2. Substituted by Act 26 of 1955, section 117 and Schedule, for 'transportation for life" (w.e.f. 1-1-1956).

The Indian Penal Code 1860 Complete Act

State: Central

Year: 1860

.....Court of Justice (including a liquidator, receiver or Commissioner) whose duty is, as such officer, to investigate or report on any matter of law or fact, or to make, authenticate, or keep any document, or to take charge or dispose of any property or to execute any judicial process, or to a administrator any oath, or to interpret, or to preserve order in the Court, and every person specially authorized by a Court of Justice to perform any of such duties; Fifth--Every juryman, assessor, or member of a Panchayat assisting a Court of Justice or public servant; Sixth--Every arbitrator or other person to whom any cause or matter has been referred for decision or report by any Court of Justice, or by any other competent public authority; Seventh--Every person who holds any office by virtue of which he is empowered to place or keep any person in confinement; Eighth--Every officer of the Government, whose duty it is, as such officer, to prevent offences, to give information of offences, to being offenders to justice, or to protect the public health, safety or convenience; Ninth--Every officer whose duty it is, as such officer, to take, receive, keep or expend any property on behalf of.....

Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860) Chapter 12

Title: Of Offences Relating to Coin and Government Stamps

State: Central

Year: 1860

..... 2. Substituted by A.O. 1950, for the former paragraph. 3. Substituted by the A.O. 1950, for "the Queen's coin". 4. Inserted by Act 6 of 1896, section 1. Section 231 - Counterfeiting coin Whoever counterfeits or knowingly performs any part of the process of counterfeiting coin, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine. Explanation.--A person commits this offence who intending to practice deception, or knowing it to be likely that deception will thereby be practiced, causes a genuine coin to appear like a different coin. Section 232 - Counterfeiting Indian coin Whoever counterfeits, or knowingly performs any part of the process of counterfeiting1[Indian coin], shall be punished with2[imprisonment for life], or with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine. ______________________ 1 . Substituted by the A.O. 1950, for "the Queen's coin". 2 . Substituted by Act 26 of 1955, section 117 and Schedule, for "transportation for life" (w.e.f. 1-1-1956). Section 233 - Making or selling instrument for.....

Indian Evidence Act, 1872 Complete Act

State: Central

Year: 1872

.....appears from the context- "Court"- includes all Judges and Magistrates, and all persons, except arbitrators, legally authorized to take evidence. "Fact" " "Fact" means and includes- (1) any thing, state of things, or relation of things, capable of being perceived by the sense; (2) any mental condition of which any person is conscious. Illustrations (a) That there are certain objects arranged in a certain order in a certain place, is a fact. (b) That a man heard or saw something is a fact. (c) That a man said certain words is a fact. (d) That a man holds a certain opinion, has a certain intention, acts in goods faith or fraudulently, or uses a particular word in a particular sense, or is or was at a specified time conscious of a particulars sensation, is a fact. (e) That a man has a certain reputation is a fact. "Relevant" " One fact is said to be relevant to another when the one is connected with the other in any of the ways referred to in the provisions of this Act relating to the relevancy of facts. "Facts in issue" " The expression "facts in issue" means and includes " any fact from which, either by itself or in connection with other facts, the existence, non-existence,.....