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The Indian Penal Code 1860 Complete Act

State: Central

Year: 1860

.....1908, `India', means the territory of India excluding the State of Jammu and Kashmir. Under s. 2(e) of the Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices Act, 1969, `India' means for the purposes of this Act the territories to which this Act extends (i.e., whole of India except the State of Jammu and Kashmir). According to s. 2(27) of Customs Act, 1962, `India' includes the territorial waters of India. SECTION 19: "JUDGE" The word "judge" denotes not only every person who is officially designated as a Judge, but also every person, who is empowered by law to give, in any legal proceeding, civil or criminal, a definitive judgement or a judgement which, if not appealed against, would be definitive, or a judgement which, if confirmed by some other authority, would be definitive, or who is one of a body of persons, which body of persons is empowered by law to give such a judgement. Illustrations (a) A Collector exercising jurisdiction in a suit under Act 10 of 1859, is a Judge. (b) A Magistrate exercising jurisdiction in respect of a charge on which he has power to sentence to fine or imprisonment, with or without appeal, is a Judge. (c) A member of a Panchayat which has power.....

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The Kerala Torts (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act, 1976 [1] Complete Act

State: Kerala

Year: 1976

.....for the damage: Provided that - (a) this sub-section shall not operate to defeat any defence arising under a contract; (b) where any contract or enactment providing for the limitation of liability is applicable to the claim, the amount of damages recoverable by the claimant by virtue of this sub-section shall not exceed the maximum limit so applicable. (2) Where damages are recoverable by any person by virtue of subsection (1), subject to any reduction as is therein mentioned, the court shall find and record the total damages which would have been recoverable if the claimant had not been at fault. (3) Section 7 shall apply in any case where two or more persons are liable or would, if they had all been sued, be liable by virtue of sub-section (1) in respect of the damage suffered by any person. (4) Where any person dies as the result partly of his own fault and partly of the fault of any other person or persons, and accordingly if an action were brought for the benefit of the estate under Part II of this Act, the damages recoverable would be reduced under sub-section (1), and damages recoverable in an action brought for the benefit of the dependants of that person under.....

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Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860) Chapter 4

Title: General Exceptions

State: Central

Year: 1860

.....being ordered by that Court to arrest Y, and, after due enquiry, believing Z to be Y, arrests Z. A has committed no offence. Section 77 - Act of Judge when acting judicially Nothing is an offence which is done by a Judge when acting judicially in the exercise of any power which is, or which in good faith he believes to be, given to him by law. Section 78 - Act done pursuant to the judgment or order of Court Nothing which is done in pursuance of, or which is warranted by the judgment or order of, a Court of Justice; if done whilst such judgment or order remains in force, is an offence, ' notwithstanding the Court may have had no jurisdiction to pass such judgment or order, provided the person doing the act in good faith believes that the Court had such jurisdiction. Section 79 - Act done by a person justified, or by mistake of fact believing himself justified, by law Nothing is an offence which is done by any person who is justified by law, or who by reason of a mistake of fact and not by reason of a mistake of law in good faith, believes himself to be justified by law, in doing it. Illustration A sees Z commit what appears to A to be a murder. A, in.....

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Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860) Section 81

Title: Act Likely to Cause Harm, but Done Without Criminal Intent, and to Prevent Other Harm

State: Central

Year: 1860

.....his course, he must incur risk of running down a boat C with only two passengers on board, which he may possibly clear. Here, if A alters his course without any intention to run down the boat C and in good faith for the purpose of avoiding the danger to the passengers in the boat B, he is not guilty of an offence, though he may run down the boat C by doing an act which he knew was likely to cause that effect, if it be found as a matter of fact that the danger which he intended to avoid was such as to excuse him in incurring the risk of running down the boat C. (b) A, in a great fire, pulls down houses in order to prevent the conflagration from spreading. He does this with the intention in good faith of saving human life or property. Here, if it be found that the harm to be prevented was of such a nature and so imminent as to excuse A's act. A is not guilty of the offence.

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Indian Contract Act, 1872 Section 150

Title: Bailors Duty to Disclose Faults in Goods Bailed

State: Central

Year: 1872

The bailor is bound to disclose to the bailee faults in the goods bailed, of which the bailor is aware, and which materially interfere with the use of them, or expose the bailee to extraordinary risks; and if he does not make such disclosure, he is responsible for damage arising to the bailee directly from such faults. If such goods are bailed for hire, the bailor is responsible for such damage, whether he was or was not aware of the existence of such faults in the goods bailed. Illustrations (a) A lends a horse, which he knows to be vicious, to B. He does not disclose the fact that the horse is vicious. The horse runs away. B is thrown and injured. A is responsible to B for damage sustained. (b) A hires a carriage of B. The carriage is unsafe, though B is not aware of it, and A is injured. B is responsible to A for the injury.

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Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 Chapter 10

Title: Liability Without Fault in Certain Cases

State: Central

Year: 1988

.....of the powers of any member or joint; or (c) permanent disfiguration of the head or face. Section 143 - Applicability of Chapter to certain claims under Act 8 of 1923 The provisions of this Chapter shall also apply in relation to any claim for compensation in respect of death or permanent disablement of any person under the Workmen's Compensation Act, 1923 resulting from an accident of the nature referred to in subsection (1) of section 140 and for this purpose, the said provisions shall, with necessary modifications, be deemed to form part of that Act. Section 144 - Overriding effect The provisions of this Chapter shall have effect notwithstanding anything contained in any other provision of this Act or of any other law for the time being in force.

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Assam Rifles Act, 2006 Section 138

Title: Alteration of Finding or Sentence in Certain Cases

State: Central

Year: 2006

.....involved in such finding: Provided that no such substitution shall be made unless such finding could have been validly made by the Assam Rifles Court on the charge and unless it appears that the Assam Rifles Court must have been satisfied of the facts establishing the said offence. (2) Where a sentence passed by an Assam Rifles Court which has been confirmed, or which does not require confirmation, not being a sentence passed in pursuance of a new finding substituted under sub-section (1) is found for any reason to be invalid, the authority referred to in sub-section (1) may pass a valid sentence. (3) The punishment awarded by a sentence passed under sub-section (1) or subsection (2) shall not be higher in the scale of punishment than, or in excess of, the punishment awarded by, the sentence for which a new sentence is substituted under this section. (4) Any finding substituted, or any sentence passed, under this section shall, for the purpose of this Act and the rules, have effect as if it were a finding or sentence, as the case may be, of an Assam Rifles Court.

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Sashastra Seema Bal Act 2007 Section 130

Title: Alteration of Finding or Sentence in Certain Cases

State: Central

Year: 2007

.....the offence specified or involved in such finding: Provided that no such substitution shall be made unless such finding could have been validly made by the Force Court on the charge and unless it appears that the Force Court must have been satisfied of the facts establishing the said offence. (2) Where a sentence passed by a Force Court which has been confirmed, or which does not require confirmation, not being a sentence passed in (sic) of a new finding substituted under sub-section (1), is found for any reason to be invalid, the authority referred to in sub-section (1) may pass a valid sentence. (3) The punishment awarded by a sentence passed under sub-section (1) or subsection (2) shall not be higher in the scale of punishments than, or in excess of, the punishment awarded by, the sentence for which a new sentence is substituted under this section. (4) Any finding substituted, or any sentence passed, under this section shall, for the purposes of this Act and the rules, have effect as if it were a finding or sentence, as the case may be, of a Force Court.

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National Security Guard Act 1986 Section 112

Title: Alteration of Finding or Sentence in Certain Cases

State: Central

Year: 1986

.....in such finding : Provided that no such substitution shall be made unless such finding could have been validly made by the Security Guard Court on the charge and unless it appears that the Security Guard Court must have been satisfied of the facts establishing the said offence. (2) Where a sentence passed by a Security Guard Court which has been confirmed, or which does not require confirmation, not being a sentence passed in pursuance of a new finding substituted under sub-section (1), is found for any reason to be invalid, the authority referred to in sub-section (1) may pass a valid sentence. (3) The punishment awarded by a sentence passed under sub-section (1) or sub-section (2) shall not be higher in the scale of punishments than, or in excess of, the punishment awarded by, the sentence for which a new sentence is substituted under this section. (4) Any finding substituted, or any sentence passed under this section shall, for the purposes of this Act and the rules, have effect as if it were a finding or sentence, as the case may be, of a Security Guard Court.

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Indo-tibetan Border Police Force Act, 1992 Section 130

Title: Alteration of Finding or Sentence in Certain Cases

State: Central

Year: 1992

.....offence specified or involved in such finding : Provided that no such substitution shall be made unless such finding could have been validly made by the Force Court on the charge and unless it appears that the Force Court must have been satisfied of the facts establishing the said offence. (2) Where a sentence passed by a Force Court which has been confirmed, or which does not require confirmation, not being a sentence passed in pursuance of a new finding substituted under sub-section (1), is found for any reason to be invalid, the authority referred to in sub-section (1) may pass a valid sentence. (3) The punishment awarded by a sentence passed under sub-section (1) or sub-section (2) shall not be higher in the scale of punishments than, or in excess of, the punishment awarded by, the sentence for which a new sentence is substituted under this section. (4) Any finding substituted, or any sentence passed, under this section shall, for the purpose of this Act and the rules, have effect as if it were a finding or sentence, as the case may be, of a Force Court.

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