Bare Act Search Results

Indian Contract Act, 1872 Section 15

Title: Coercion Defined

State: Central

Year: 1872

"Coercion" is the committing, or threatening to commit, any act forbidden by the Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860), or the unlawful detaining, or threatening to detain, any property, to the prejudice of any person whatever, with the intention of causing any person to enter into an agreement. Explanation.It is immaterial whether the Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860) is or is not in force in the place where the coercion is employed. Illustration A, on board an English ship on the high seas, causes B to enter into an agreement by an act amounting to criminal intimidation under the Indian Penal code (45 of 1860). A afterwards sues B for breach of contract at Calcutta. A has employed coercion, although his act is not an offence by the law of England, and although section 506 of the Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860) was not in force at the time when or place where the act was done.

Indian Succession Act, 1925 Section 61

Title: Will Obtained by Fraud, Coercion or Importunity

State: Central

Year: 1925

.....imprisonment. (iv) A threatens to shoot B, or to burn his house or to cause him to be arrested on a criminal charge, unless he makes a bequest in favour of C. B, in consequence, makes a bequest in favour of C. The bequest is void, the making of it having been caused by coercion. (v) A, being of sufficient intellect, if undisturbed by the influence of others, to make a will yet being so much under the control of B that he is not a free agent, makes a Will dictated by B. It appears that he would not have executed the will but for fear of B. The Will is invalid. (vi) A, being in so feeble a state of health as to be unable to resist importunity, is pressed by B to make a Will of a certain purport and does so merely to purchase peace and in submission to B. The Will is invalid. (vii) A being in such a state of health as to be capable of exercising his own judgment and volition, B uses urgent intercession and persuasion with him to induce him to make a Will of a certain purport. A, in consequence of the intercession and persuasion, but in the free exercise of his judgment and volition makes his Will in the manner recommended by B. The Will is not rendered invalid by the.....

Indian Contract Act, 1872 Section 72

Title: Liability of Person to Whom Money is Paid or Thing Delivered by Mistake or Under Coercion

State: Central

Year: 1872

A person to whom money has been paid, or anything delivered, by mistake or under coercion, must repay or return it. Illustrations (a) A and B jointly owe 100 rupees to C, A alone Pays the amount to C, and B, not knowing this fact, pays 100 rupees over again to C. C is bound to repay the amount to B. (b) A railway company refuses to deliver up certain goods to the consignee, except upon the payment of an illegal charge for carriage. The consignee pays the sum charged in order to obtain the goods. He is entitled to recover so much of the charge as was illegally excessive.

Contract Act, 1872 Complete Act

State: Central

Year: 1872

CONTRACT ACT, 1872 CONTRACT ACT, 1872 9 of 1872 CHAPTER 00: PRELIMINARY SECTION 01: SHORT TITLE This Act may be called the Indian Contract Act, 1872. Extent and commencement.-It extends to the whole of India except the State of Jammu and Kashmir; and it shall come into force on the first day of September, 1872. Enactments repealed.-Nothing herein contained shall affect the provisions of any Statute, Act or Regulation not hereby expressly repealed, nor any usage or custom of trade, nor any incident of any contract, not inconsistent with the provisions of this Act. SECTION 02: INTERPRETATION CLAUSE. In this Act the following words and expressions are used in the following senses, unless a contrary intention appears from the context :- (a) When one person signifies to another his willingness to do or to abstain from doing anything, with a view to obtaining the assent of that other to such act or abstinence, he is said to make a proposal: (b) When the person to whom the proposal is made signifies his assent thereto, the proposal is said to be accepted. A proposal, when accepted, becomes a promise: (c) The person making the proposal is called the "promisor",.....

Indian Contract Act, 1872 Chapter 2

Title: Of Contracts, Voidable Contracts and Void Agreements

State: Central

Year: 1872

.....him to enter into the contract : (1) the suggestion, as a fact, of that which is not true, by one who does not believe it to be true; (2) the active concealment of a fact by one having knowledge or belief of the fact; (3) a promise made without any intention of performing it; (4) any other act fitted to deceive; (5) any such act or omission as the law specially declares to be fraudulent. Explanation.-Mere silence as to facts likely to affect the willingness of a person to enter into a contract is not fraud, unless the circumstances of the case are such that, regard being had to them, it is the duty of the person keeping silence to speak2 , or unless his silence is, in itself, equivalent to speech. Illustrations (a) A sells, by auction, to B, a horse which A knows to be unsound. A says nothing to B about the horse's unsoundness. This is not fraud in A. (b) B is A's daughter and has just come of age. Here, the relation between the parties would make it A's duty to tell B if the horse is unsound. (c) B says to A-"If you do not deny it, I shall assume that the horse is sound." A says nothing. Here, A's silence is equivalent to speech. (d) A and B, being.....

Geneva Conventions Act, 1960 Complete Act

State: Central

Year: 1960

.....(d) procedural matters relating to legal representation, appeals, etc. 3. The existing law on the subject is to be found in the Geneva Convention Act, 1911 (an Act of the United Kingdom) as applied to India by the Gevena Convention Act, 1911 (British India) Order-in-Council dated the 24th October, 1916, and the Geneva Convention Implementing Act, 1936 (14 of 1936). The provisions of these Acts, however, are confined to extending protection to the two emblems, namely, the Red Cross and the Geneva Cross. 4. The Bill seeks to implement the Conventions in so far as it is necessary so to do and, at the same time, consolidates the law on the subject by repealing the United Kingdom Act of 1911andthe Central Act 14 of 1936and incorporating their provisions in the Bill." - Gaz. of Ind., 1959, Extra. Pt. II, S. 2, p. 1098. An Act to enable effect to be given to certain International Conventions done at Geneva on the twelfth day of August, 1949, to which India is a party, and for purposes connected therewith. Be it enacted by Parliament in the Eleventh Year of the Republic of India as follows :- -Geneva Conventions of 12th August, 1949, were ratified by the President on the 16th October,.....

Trusts Act, 1882 Complete Act

State: Central

Year: 1882

.....known it, or when information of the fact is given to or obtained by his agent, under the circumstances mentioned in the section 229 Indian Contract Act, 1872 (9 of 1872)-, ; and all expressions used herein and defined in the Indian Contract Act, 1872 (expressions defined in Act 9 of 1872), shall be deemed to have the meanings respectively attributed to them by that Act. SECTION 04: LAWFUL PURPOSE. A trust may be created for any lawful purpose. The purpose of a trust is lawful unless it is (a) forbidden by law, or (b) is of such a nature that, if permitted, it would defeat the provisions of any law, or (c) is fraudulent, or (d) involves or implies injury to the person or property of another, or (e) the Court regards it as immoral or opposed to public policy. Every trust of which the purpose is unlawful is void. And where a trust is created for two purposes, of which one is lawful and the other unlawful, and the two purposes, cannot be separated, the whole trust is void. SECTION 05: TRUST OF IMMOVABLE PROPERTY No trust in relation to immoveable property is valid unless declared by a non-testamentary instrument in writing signed by the author of the trust or the.....

Indian Succession Act, 1925 Chapter 2

Title: Of Wills and Codicils

State: Central

Year: 1925

.....imprisonment. (iv) A threatens to shoot B, or to burn his house or to cause him to be arrested on a criminal charge, unless he makes a bequest in favour of C. B, in consequence, makes a bequest in favour of C. The bequest is void, the making of it having been caused by coercion. (v) A, being of sufficient intellect, if undisturbed by the influence of others, to make a will yet being so much under the control of B that he is not a free agent, makes a Will dictated by B. It appears that he would not have executed the will but for fear of B. The Will is invalid. (vi) A, being in so feeble a state of health as to be unable to resist importunity, is pressed by B to make a Will of a certain purport and does so merely to purchase peace and in submission to B. The Will is invalid. (vii) A being in such a state of health as to be capable of exercising his own judgment and volition, B uses urgent intercession and persuasion with him to induce him to make a Will of a certain purport. A, in consequence of the intercession and persuasion, but in the free exercise of his judgment and volition makes his Will in the manner recommended by B. The Will is not rendered invalid by the.....

The Bombay Industrial Relations Act, 1946 Complete Act

State: Maharashtra

Year: 1946

.....1947, was in force) (3) In the areas in which the Bombay Industrial Disputes Act, 1938, was in force immediately before the commencement of this Act, this Act shall apply to the industries to which the said Act applied 6[Provided that this Act shall cease to apply with effect from the date on which the Bombay Industrial Relations (Amendment) Act, 1949, comes into force, to the Imperial Bank of India and any banking company as defined in section 5 of the Banking Companies Act, 1949, having branches or other establishments in more than one 4[State] (4) The 4[State Government may by notification in the Official Gazette apply all or any of the provisions of this Act to all or any other industries, whether generally or any local area as may be specified in such notification. Footnotes: 1. For Statement or Objects and Reasons, see Bombay Government Gazette, 1946, Pt. V, p.2 and for Proceedings in Assembly, see Bombay Legislative Assembly Debates, 1946, and for Proceedings its Council, see Bombay Legislative Council, Debates, 1946, Vol XI. 2. This Act is extended to the rest of the State of Maharashtra (vide Mah. 22 of 1965, S.2) 3. Subs, by Mah. 22 of 1965. 4. Subs, by the.....

Special Marriage Act, 1954 Complete Act

State: Central

Year: 1954

.....being entered in the Marriage Certificate Book by the Marriage Officer, the Certificate shall be deemed to be conclusive evidence of the fact that a marriage under this Act has been solemnized and that all formalities respecting the signatures of witnesses have been complied with. SECTION 14: NEW NOTICE WHEN MARRIAGE NOT SOLEMNIZED WITHIN THREE MONTHS Whenever a marriage is not solemnized within three calendar months from the date on which notice thereof has been given to the Marriage Officer as required by section 5-, or where an appeal has been filed under sub-section (2) of section 8-, within three months from the date of the decision of the district court on such appeal or, where the record of a case has been transmitted to the Central Government under section 10-, within three months from the date of decision of the Central Government the notice and all other proceedings arising there from shall be deemed to have lapsed, and no Marriage Officer shall solemnize the marriage until a new notice has been given in the manner laid down in this Act. CHAPTER 03 REGISTRATION OF MARRIAGES CELEBRATED IN OTHER FORMS OBJECTS AND REASONS Section 15(e). Proviso.- "In the.....