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due process

due process 1 : a course of formal proceedings (as judicial proceedings) carried out regularly, fairly, and in accordance with established rules and principles called also procedural due process 2 : a requirement that laws and regulations must be related to a legitimate government interest (as crime prevention) and may not contain provisions that result in the unfair or arbitrary treatment of an individual called also substantive due process NOTE: The guarantee of due process is found in the Fifth Amendment to the Constitution, which states “no person shall…be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law,” and in the Fourteenth Amendment, which states “nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law.” The boundaries of due process are not fixed and are the subject of endless judicial interpretation and decision-making. Fundamental to procedural due process is adequate notice prior t...


Due process of law

Due process of law, A.K. Gopalan v. State of Madras, AIR 1950 SC 27: 1950 SCR 88. [Constitution of India, Art. 21]It embraces the fundamental concept of a fair trial, with opportunity to be heard, Thomas v. Baptiste (PC), (1999) 3 WLR 249.Is a concept adopted by the American Constitution the process of law which hears before it condemns; judiciary can declare a law bad, if it is not in accordance with due process even though the legislation may be within the competence of the legislature concerned, Commentary on the Constitution of India, Durga Das Basu, 6th Edn., Vol. D, p. 83.Is a standard which determines the contents of 'due process' is the fundamental principle of liberty and justice, the essentials of a fair trial, the fundamental fairness etc., , Commentary on the Constitution of India, Durga Das Basu, 6th Edn., Vol. D, p. 83.It has a procedural and substantive meaning, the requirements of procedural due process are public trial, not vitiated by pressure from any mob, impartial ...


Due amounts due

Due amounts due, an amount 'due' normally refers to an amount which the creditor has a right to recover. Wharton in Law Lexicon defines 'due' as anything owing; that which one contracts to pay another. 'Amounts due' under, s. 71 are those amounts which the creditor could have recovered had he filed a suit, State of Kerala v. V.R. Kalliyanikibty, (1999) 3 SCC 657 (661). [Kerala Revenue Recovery Act, 1968, ss. 71, 702, 69(2)...


due diligence

due diligence 1 : such diligence as a reasonable person under the same circumstances would use : use of reasonable but not necessarily exhaustive efforts called also reasonable diligence NOTE: Due diligence is used most often in connection with the performance of a professional or fiduciary duty, or with regard to proceeding with a court action. Due care is used more often in connection with general tort actions. 2 a : the care that a prudent person might be expected to exercise in the examination and evaluation of risks affecting a business transaction b : the process of investigation carried on usually by a disinterested third party (as an accounting or law firm) on behalf of a party contemplating a business transaction (as a corporate acquisition or merger, loan of finances, or esp. purchase of securities) for the purpose of providing information with which to evaluate the advantages and risks involved [the greatest exposure…for failure to conduct adequate due diligence...


Money due or to become due on account of pension

Money due or to become due on account of pension, The words money due or to become due on account of pension' occurring in s. 11 of the Pensions Act, 1871 includes the commuted portion of the pension payable to an employee after his retirement, Union of India v. Wing Commander R.R. Hingorani (Retd), AIR 1987 SC 808 (814): (1987) 1 SCC 551. [Pensions Act, (23 of 1891), s. 11]...


Due course of law

Due course of law, Due course of law in each par-ticular case means such an exercise of the powers by duly constituted tribunal or court in accordance with the procedure established by law under such safeguards for the protection of individual rights. A course of legal proceedings according to the rules and principles which have been established in our system of jurisprudence for the enforcement and protection of private rights. To give such proceedings any validity, there must thus be a tribunal competent by its constitution, that is by law of its creation, to pass upon the subject matter of the suit or proceeding; and, if that involves merely a determination of the personal liability of the defendant, it must be brought within its jurisdiction by service of process within the State, or his voluntary appearance. Due course of law implies the right of the person affected thereby to be present before the tribunal which pronounces judgment upon the question of life, liberty or property i...


Sums due

Sums due, a sum would be due to the purchaser when there is an existing obligation to pay it in praesenti. It would be profitable in this connection to refer to the concept of a 'debt', for a sum due is the same thing as a debt due, Union of India v. Raman Iron Foundry, AIR 1974 SC 1265 (1271): (1974) 2 SCC 231....


Tax due

Tax due, means the amount of tax which remains unpaid after the expiry of the date specified in the notice of demand issued in this behalf under this Act or the rules made thereunder. [West Bengal Value Added Tax Act, 2003, s. 2(46)]Tax due, refers to an ascertained liability. However the meaning of the Words 'taxes due' will ultimately depend upon the context in which these words are used, Harshad Shantilal Mehta v. Custodian, AIR 1998 SC 2291. [See also Special Court (Trial of Offences Relating to Transactions in Securities) Act, 1992, s. 11(2)(a)]Tax due, usually refers to an ascertained liability, Harshad Shantilal Mehta v. Custodian, (1998) 5 SCC 1....


holder in due course

holder in due course :the holder of a negotiable instrument that is complete and regular on its face and that is taken in good faith and for value without notice that it is overdue or has been dishonored or that there is any defense against it or claim to it by any party compare bona fide holder NOTE: A holder in due course takes the negotiable instrument free of any claims to it and of most defenses of a party to it. Federal Trade Commission rules have abolished the status of holder in due course in consumer transactions. ...


payment due date

payment due date Contract language specifying when payments are due on money borrowed. The due date is always indicated and means that the payment must be received on or before the specified date. Grace periods prior to assessing a late fee or additional interest do not eliminate the responsibility of making payments on time. Source: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development ...


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