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Trade

Trade [fr. trutta, Ital.], traffic; intercourse; commerce; exchange of goods for other goods, or for money. The business of buying and selling or bartering goods … the provision of any services. [Competition Act, 2002 (12 of 2003), s. 2(x)] The word 'trade' has been used synonymously with the word 'business'. Trade or business would mean some real substantial and systematic or organised course

Reserve and provision

is to say, the sense or meaning that is attributed to it by men of business, trade and commerce and by persons interested in or dealing with companies. Therefore, the meanings attached to these two words in … ordinary natural meaning as given in the dictionary but it seems to us that the dictionary meaning, though useful in itself, may not be sufficient, for, the dictionaries do not make any distinction between the two concepts

Bill of Exchange

mentioned by the jurist Baldus, and bear date A.D. 1328. But they were by no means in common use till the next century. However, they are said to have been in use among the Florentines in the … of a specified person, or to bearer.' It is a chose in action, but, for the encouragement of commerce, it is assignable, at Common Law, by mere endorsement, so that very many names are frequently attached to

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Commercial establishment

to (a). [Delhi Shops and Establishments Act, 1954, s. 2(5)], Chief Commissioner v. Federation of India Chambers of Commerce and Industry, (1975) 3 SCC 64: AIR 1974 SC 1527: (1975) 1 SCR 348. Means 'an establishment or … field workers who are employed in guiding, supervising and controlling the growth and supply of sugarcane to be used in the factory are employed either in the precincts of the factory or in the premises of the

Public policy

of expansion and modification, Circumstances may change and make a commercial practice expedient which was formerly mischievous to commerce, Mafizuddin Khan Choudhry v. Habibundin Sheikh, AIR 1951 Cal 336. It is a body of law like the … considered to be vague, susceptible to narrow or wider meaning depending upon the content in which it is used, Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd. v. Saw Pipes Ltd., AIR 2003 SC 2629. Public policy, connotes some

Production

the tobacco product marketable; The cigarettes and other Tobacco Products (Pro-hibition of Advertisement and Regulation of Trade and Commerce, Production, Supply and Distribu-tion) Act, 2003, s. 2(k). … can be characterised as production, every production need not amount to manufacture. The word 'production' or 'produce' when used in juxtaposition with the word 'manufacture' takes in bringing into existence new goods by a process which may

Tobacco

other forms of tobacco, unless the seller had no reason to believe that such tobacco was for the use of that person. There is also power for certain persons to seize any tobacco or cigarettes in the … prohibition to have been the protection and maintenance of the colonies and plantations in America, and of the commerce of this country with them); 15 Car. 2, c. 7; and the (English) Tobacco Cultivation Act, 1831 (1

Industry

or trade undertaking, still it must be remembered that if that were so, there was no need to use the word separately from business or trade. The wider import is attracted even more clearly when we look … profits are made, they are not distributed among the members, Management of the Federation of Indian Chamber of Commerce and Industry v. Their Workman, Shri R.K. Mittal, AIR 1972 SC 763: (1972) 1 SCC 40: (1972) 2

contract

a clear intention of the parties to create a contract under seal NOTE: Contracts under seal were in use long prior to the development of the requirement of consideration. They originally usually were impressed with an actual … also contract for deed land contract maritime contract : a contract directly relating to the navigation, business, or commerce of the high seas or other navigable waters and falling within the jurisdiction of the admiralty court nom·i·nate

Perpetuity

or pass the estate. It is odious in law, destructive to the common wealth, and an impediment to commerce, by preventing the wholesome circulation of property. The rule against perpetuities, or the doctrine of remoteness, applies to … if at all, within the period prescribed by the perpetuity rule. (3) Limitations in mortmain, and to charitable uses. Church property is not embraced by the law of perpetuity. (4) Perpetuities allowed or created by Act of

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