Trade Agreement - Law Dictionary Search Results
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nafta North American Free-Trade Agreement. Source: Department of State. March 2007. ...
Contract, breach of, inducement of
Contract, breach of, inducement of. In the case of seamen it is by s. 236 of the (English) Merchant Shipping Act, 1894, an offence to persuade or attempt to persuade seamen or apprentices to desert or absent themselves from duty. As to whether such inducement can, apart from any statutory provision, be an actionable wrong, see Lumley v. Gye, (1853) 2 E&B 216, and Temperton v. Russell, (1893) 1 QB 715; but the principles laid down in these cases were commented on in Allen v. Flood, 1898 AC 1. An Act done by a person in contemplation or furtherance of a 'trade dispute,' q.v. as defined by the (English) Trades Disputes and Trade Unions Act,1927 (17 & 18 Geo. 5, c. 22), is not actionable on the ground only that it induces some other person to break a contract of employment. [(English) Trade Disputes Act, 1906, s. 3]...
Cartel
Cartel [fr. Cartella, It., pasteboard], a piece of pasteboard with some inscription on it, hung up in some place, and to be removed, Floria's Dict., voce 'Cartella.' Hence a written challenge openly hung up; afterwards any written challenge. See CHARTEL.An agreement between or conventional grouping of producers of raw materials or goods.The cartel is an association of producers who by agreement among themselves to control production, sale and prices of the product to obtain a monopoly in any particular industry or commodity. Analysing the object of formation of a cartel in other words, it amounts to an unfair trade practice which is not in the public interest. The intention to acquire monopoly power can be spelt from formation of such a cartel by some of the producers, Union of India v. Hindustan Development Corpn., (1993) 3 SCC 499: AIR 1984 SC 988 (1008). [Constitution of India, Arts. 299, 14, 19]'Cartel' includes an association of producers, sellers, distributors, traders or service...
Married women's property
Married women's property, At Common Law, a woman, by marrying, transferred the ownership of all her property, real and personal, present and future, to her husband absolutely, so that he might sell, pay his debts out of, give away, or dispose by will of it as he pleased, with these exceptions and modifications:-1) Her freehold estate became his to manage and take the profits of during the joint lives only. After his death, leaving her surviving, it passed to her absolutely; after her death, leaving him surviving, provided that it was an estate in possession and issue who could in her it had been born during the marriage, it passed to him as 'tenant by the curtesy (q.v.) of England,' during his life, and after his death to her heir-at-law.(2) Her leasehold estate, her personal estate in expectancy, and the debts owing to her and other 'choses in action,' became his absolutely if he did some act to appropriate or reduce them into possession during the marriage, or if he survived her. If ...
Sale in the course of inter-State trade
Sale in the course of inter-State trade, a 'sale in the course of inter-State trade' in Article 286(2) of the Constitution includes a sale by a trader in one State to a consumer or user in another State. The ex-pression is not confined to sales between two traders only, State of Bombay v. United Motors (India) Ltd., AIR 1953 SC 252: (1953) SCR 1069.A sale which occasions movement of goods from one State to another is a sale in the course of inter-State trade, no matter in which State the property in the goods passes; (2) it is not necessary that the sale must precede the inter-State movement in order that the sale may be deemed to have occasioned such movement; and (3) it is also not necessary for a sale to be deemed to have taken place in the course of inter-State trade or commerce, that the covenant regarding inter-State movement must be specified in the contract itself. It would be enough if the movement was in pursuance of and in-cidental to the contract of sale, Union of India v. ...
National insurance
National insurance. The (English) National Insur-ance Act, 1911 (1 & 2 Geo. 5, c. 55), introduced by Mr. Lloyd George, established a wide system of compulsory state insurance covering both ill-health and unemployment, which is based upon premiums contributed in part by the employer, in part by the employee, and in part by the State. The Act consisted of three parts, the first dealing with National Health Insurance, the second with Unemployment Insurance, and the third contained miscellaneous provisions. This Act remained the basis of National Health Insurance, although the subject of very extensive amendment, until the National Health Insurance Act, 1924, consolidated the law. The law has been consolidated again by the (English) National Health Insurance Act, 1936 (26 Geo. 5, and 1 Edw. 8, c. 32), amends and repeals the whole of the Acts passed in 1920, 1922, 1924 and 1928. The arrangement is as follows:-Part I. Insured Persons and Contributions.Part II. Benefits.Part III. Approved Soc...
Establishment
Establishment, includes a shop, commercial estab-lishment, workshop, farm, residential hotel, restaurant, eating house, theatre or other place of public amusement or entertainment. [Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986, s. 2(iv)]1. The act of establishing, the state or condition of being established, 2. An institution or place of business, Black's Law Dictionary, 7th Edn., p. 566.It includes any place where any industry is carried on [and where an establishment consists of different departments or have branches, whether situated in the same place or at different places, all such departments or branches shall be treated as part of that establishment. [Apprentices Act, 1961 (52 of 1961), s. 2(g)]It means a corporation established by or under a Central, Provincial or State Act, or an authority or a body owned or controlled or aided by the government or a local authority or a Government company as defined in s. 617 of the Companies Act 1956 and includes Departments of a Gove...
Service
Service [fr. servitium, Lat.], that duty which a tenant, by reason of his estate, owes to his lord. There are many divisions of this duty in our ancient law books, as into personal and real, which is either urbane or rustic, free and base, continua land annual, casual and accidental, intrinsic and extrinsic, certain and uncertain, etc. see TENURE.The formal delivery of a writ, summons of other legal process 2. The formal delivery of some other legal notice such as pleading, Black's Law Dictionary, 7th Edn., p. 1372.The formal mode of bringing a writ or other process, or a notice in a suit, to the knowledge of the person affected by it.The service of writs of summons is regulated by (English) R.S.C. 1883, Ord. IX., which by r. 1 dispenses wit service, when (as is usual) the defendant, by his solicitor, agrees to accept service, and enters an appearance. By r. 2, service, when required, must be personal, unless an order for 'substituted service, or the substitution of notice for service,...
Permitted use
Permitted use, in relation to a registered trademark, means the use of trade mark--(i) by a registered user of the trademark in relation to goods or services--(a) with which he is connected in the course of trade; and(b) in respect of which the trademark remains registered for the time being; and(c) for which he is registered as registered user; and(d) which complies with any conditions or limitations to which the registration of registered user is subject; or(ii) by a person other than the registered proprietor and registered user in relation to goods or services--(a) with which he is connected in the course of trade; and(b) in respect of which the trade mark remains registered for the time being; and(c) by consent of such registered proprietor in a written agreement; and(d) which complies with any conditions or limitation to which such user is subject and to which the registration of the trade mark is subject. [Trade Marks Act, 1999 (47 of 1999), s. 2 (1) (r)]...
Lien
Lien [answering to the tacita hypotheca of the Civil Law], a right in one man to retain that which is in his possession belonging to another, until certain demands of the person in possession are satisfied. It is neither a jus in re, nor a jus ad rem--i.e., it is not a right of property in the thing itself, or right of action to the thing itself.It is either particular, as a right to retain a thing for some charge or claim growing out of, or connected with, the identical thing; or general, as a right to retain a thing not only for such charges or claims, but also for a general balance of accounts between the parties in respect to other dealings of the like nature.General and particular liens may arise: (1) by an express contract; (2) by an implied contract, resulting from the usage of trade, or the manner of dealing between parties. General lines are not favoured in law, but some judicially recognized general lines are bankers', solicitors', factors', stockbrokers'. See Halsb. L.E., ti...
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