Grammar Schools, endowed schools founded (many of them by King Edward the Sixth) for the purpose of teaching Latin and Greek, or either of them, and in which, except under the orders of a Court of Equity, under the (English) Grammar Schools Act, 1840 (3 & 4 Vict. c. 77), the teaching of one or both of these languages, in accordance with the terms of the foundation, cannot be dispensed with. Grammar Schools are now usually governed by schemes under the Endowed Schools Acts, and in such cases visitatorial power is exercised by the Board of Education, Tudor's Char. Trusts, 4th Edn. P. 78, note (d). See ENDOWED SCHOOLS....
Industrial Schools. References to these words are to be replaced by the words 'Approved Schools' by the (English) Children and Young Persons Act, 1933 (23 & 24 Geo. 5, c. 12), s. 108.S. 44 of the (English) Children Act, 1908 (8 Edw. 7, c. 67), defined an 'industrial school' as 'a school for the industrial training of children in which children are lodged, clothed and fed as well as taught.' However, as to the present law, see APPROVED SCHOOLS...
Justices, officers deputed by the Crown to ad-minister justice and do right by way of judgment. The judges of the Supreme Court are called justices, but the word is usually applied to petty magistrates who sit to administer summary justice in minor matters, and who are commonly called justices of the peace. They were first appointed in 1327 by 1 Edw. 3, st. 2, c. 16, and are now appointed by the king's special commission under the Great Seal, the form of which was settled by all the judges in 1590, and continues, with little alteration, to this day. Consult Putnam's Early Treatises on the Practice of the Justices of the Peace in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries. This appoints them all, jointly and severally, to keep the peace in the county named; and any two or more of them to inquire of and determine felonies and other misdemeanours in such county committed, in which number some particular justices, or one of them, are directed to be always included, and no business done without ...
Visitor, an inspector of, incidental to and necessary for all elemosynary, many ecclesiastical and other corporations, endowed and other colleges, schools, hospitals and institutions; also of a college, corporation or hospital [see (Halsb. L.E. (Hailsham Edn.), vol. iv., tit. 'Charities'; and Cathedrals Measure, 1931 (21 & 22 Geo. 5, No. 7)] The Court of Chancery has exercised the right of visitation on behalf of the Crown, in whom the right (see 25 Hen. 8, c. 21 and 1 Eliz. c. 1, s. 2) of visitation and inspection lies, in default of special visitors. Under the (English) Lunacy Act, 1890, Parts VI. and VII., ss. 163 to 206, Chancery visitors of persons of unsound mind, so found by inquisition, appointed by the Lord Chancellor visiting committees under the regulations of a mental hospital, visitors appointed by justices, and visiting commissioners have special powers and duties to inspect persons, treatment documents and places in connection with persons of unsound mind. See also IDIOT...
Dog. Draught.--The (English) Protection of Animals Act, 1911, s. 9, and the (English) Protection of Animals (Scotland) Act, 1912, s. 8, prohibit, under a penalty, the use of any dog in England or Scotland for the purpose of draught.Licenses.--Dog licenses are regulated by the (English) Dog Licenses Act, 1867 (30 Vict. c. 5), as amended by 32 & 33 Vict. c. 14, s. 38, 41 Vict. C. 15, ss. 17-23, and 42 & 43 Vict. c. 21, s. 26. They commence on the day of grant, and terminate on the 31st of December following; but procuring a license on the day of a conviction will not avoid the penalty up to 5l. under s. 8 of the Act of 1867, Campbell v. Strangways, (1877) 3 CPD 105. The present duty is 7s. 6d., to which it was raised from 5s. by the (English) Customs and Inland Revenue Act, 1878 (41 & 42 Vict. c. 15), and this s. is amended by s. 5 of the (English) Dogs Act, 1906. See Johnson v. Wilson, (1909) 2 KB 497. No duty is payable for dogs under six months old (Act of 1867, s. 10), or hound whelp...
Law Reform (UK). By the Law Reform (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act, 1934 (24 & 25 Geo. 5, c. 41), all causes of action shall with certain exceptions survive on the death (after the 24th July, 1934) of any person against or for the benefit of his estate. See actio personalis, and by s. 1(2) it is enacted:Where a cause of action survives as aforesaid for the benefit of the estate of a deceased person the damages recoverable for the benefit of the estate of that person:-(a) shall not include any exemplary damages;(b) in the case of a breach of promise to marry shall be limited to such damage, if any, to the estate of that person as flows from the breach of promise to marry;(c) where the death of that person has been caused by the act of omission which gives rise to the cause of action, shall be calculated without reference to any loss or gain to his estate consequent on his death, except that a sum in respect of funeral expenses may be included.See Rose v. Ford, (1937) 53 TLR 873.The right...
Local board. A body of persons established by an order of the Local Government Board, upon a resolution of the owners and ratepayers of a rual district, for the purpose of administering the Public Health and (which see) within such district, which was called a 'local government district' or urban sanitary district, the local board being called an 'urban sanitary authority.' They were elected by open voting of the owners and ratepayers, a property qualification being required for membership, each voter having from one to six votes, in proportion to the property occupied by him; but the (English) Local Government Act, 1894 (56 & 57 Vict. c. 73), by s. 23 [see now Local Government Act, 1933 (23 & 24 Geo. 5, c. 51), ss. 35 (3), 39, 40 (1), 57], abolished both the property qualification and the plural voting, and by s. 21 directed that 'urban sanitary authorities' (except the councils of municipal boroughs) should be called 'urban district councils.'...
Solicitor, an officer of the Supreme Court of Judicature, who, and who only, is entitled to 'sue out any writ or process, or commence, carry on, solicit, or defend any action, suit or other proceeding' in any Court whatever (see (English) Solicitors Act, 1932, s. 45). 'Solicitor of the Supreme Court' was the title given by the (English) Judicature Act, 1843, s. 87, to all attorneys, solicitors, and proctors, and continued by (English) Solicitors Act 1932, s. 81. Prior to that Act, 'attorneys' conducted business in the Common Law Courts, 'solicitors' business in the Court of Chancery and 'proctors' ecclesiastical and Admiralty business; but it was the general practice, although any person might be admitted to practise as an attorney or solicitor only, to be admitted to practise as an attorney and solicitor also.Solicitors practise as advocates before magistrates at petty sessions and quarter sessions where there is no bar, in County Courts, at Arbitrations, at Judges' Chambers, Coroners...
Trade, Board of. The Board of Trade is in theory a committee of the Privy Council, and by s. 12 of the (English) Interpretation Act, 1889, the expression means 'The Lords of the Committee for the time being of the Privy Council appointed for the consideration of matters relating to trade and foreign plantations.' The constitution of the Board rests on an Order in Council of the 5th March, 1784, by which amongst the members composing it are the Archbishop of Canterbury, the Speaker of the House of Commons, the Paymaster-General and the Master of the Mint.The Board as to constituted has in fact never met, but in practice is an ordinary administrative Government Department, presided over by a President whose salary is determined by Parliament under the (English) Board of Trade Act, 1909 (9 Edw. 7, c. 23); see also President of Board of Trade Act, 1932 (21 & 22 Geo. 5, c. 21). Its powers include supervision over the following matters: shipping, railways, mines, companies, bankruptcy and in...
Universities and College Estates Act, 1858, 1860 and 1898 (English) (21 & 22 Vict. c. 44; 23 & 24 Vict. c. 59; 61 & 62 Vict. c. 55), the last of which Acts applied the Settled Land Acts, with modifications, to the sale and letting of the estates of the Univer-sities of Oxford and Cambridge and Durham, and of the colleges therein.These Acts have been repealed and replaced by the (English) University and College Estates Act, 1925 (15 & 16 Geo. 5, c. 24), and the Law of Property (Amendment) Act, 1926, Sch., to bring the law into line with the property legislation of 1925....