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Consideration

claiming the benefit of an obligation) from which the promisor (the person burdened with the obligation) or a stranger derives a benefit or advantage, or any labour detriment or inconvenience sustained or suffered by the promisee at

Conservators of the truce and safe conducts

king's subjects attempt or offend upon the sea, or in any port within the king's obeisance, against any stranger in amity, league, or truce, or under safe conduct, and especially by attacking his person, or spoiling him,

Communi custodia

the lord, whose tenant, holding by knight's service, died, and left his eldest son under age, against a stranger that entered the land, and obtained the ward of the body, Reg. Brev. 161.

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Co-ownership and partnership

difference is that one co-owner can without the consent of the other, transfer his interest etc., to a stranger. A partner cannot do this, Champaran Care Concern v. State of Bihar, AIR 1963 SC 1737 (1741). (Partnership

Chose

be the occasion of multiplying litigation: as it would in effect be transferring a lawsuit to a mere stranger, though the assignee might, at law, and was assisted in equity to sue the debtor in the name

Butlerage

and by King Edward I. was exchanged into a duty of 2s. for every tun imported by merchant strangers. It was called butlerage, because paid to the king's butler; and also prisage, because it was a taking

Scavage, Schevage, Schewage, or Shewage

Scavage, Schevage, Schewage, or Shewage, a toll or custom, exacted by mayors, sheriffs, etc., of merchant strangers, for wares showed or offered for sale within their liberties. Prohibited by 19 Hen. 7, c. 7.

Reprisal

Reprisal, the taking one thing in satisfaction for another. Reprisals are used between nation and nation, in order to do themselves justice, when they cannot otherwise obtain it. If a nation has taken possession of what...

Pardanashin lady

with any male person save a few privileged relations or dependants; and not a woman who communicates with strangers, collects rents from tenants, is literate with a certain amount of education, who subscribes to newspapers and arranges

Letters of marque

Letters of marque, commissions for extraordinary reprisals for reparation to merchants taken and despoiled by strangers at sea, grantable by the Secretaries of State, with the approbation of the Sovereign and Council; and usually

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