S 441 - Law Dictionary Search Results
Home Dictionary Name: s 441Criminal trespass
Criminal trespass, every trespass does not amount to criminal trespass within the meaning of s. 441 of the Indian Penal Code. In order to satisfy the conditions of s. 441 it must be established that the appellant entered possession over the premises with intent to commit an offence. In the absence of an intention to commit an offence would not amount to criminal trespass, Kanwal Sood v. Naval Kishore, (1983) 3 SCC 25: AIR 1983 SC 159 (161). [Penal Code, 1860, s. 441]...
Intention to annoy
Intention to annoy, when s. 441 speaks of entering on property with intent to commit an offence or to intimidate, insult or annoy' persons in possession of the property, it speaks of the main intention in the action and not any subsidiary intention that may also be present, Mathri v. State of Punjab, AIR 1964 SC 986 (990): (1964) 5 SCR 916. [Penal Code, 1860, s. 441]...
Deemed
Deemed, the meaning to be attached to the word 'deemed' must depend upon the context in which it is used. In Lalji Haridas's case (1964(6) SCR 700) the Supreme Court went elaborately into the question as to the extent of this deeming provision which would have been wholly redudant if the word 'deemed' in s. 171A(4) was used in any sense other than to give an artificial construction, Hira H. Advani v. State of Maharashtra, (1969) 2 SCC 662: AIR 1971 SC 44: (1970) 1 SCR 821.The use of the word 'deemed' in r. 3(3)(b) of the Regulation of Seniority Rules indicates that the Govt. has the power to make a retrospective declaration because it is only after promotion that there is any occasion to consider whether the period of officiation prior to promotion will be counted for purposes of seniority, R.P. Khanna v. S.A.F. Abbas, (1972) 1 SCC 784: AIR 1972 SC 2350: (1972) 3 SCR 548.The use of the word 'deemed' does not invariably and necessarily implies an introduction of a legal fiction but it h...
Intent to annoy
Intent to annoy, the correct position in law may, be stated thus: In order to establish that the entry on the property was with the intent to annoy, intimi-date or insult, it is necessary for the Court to be satisfied that causing such annoyance, intimidation or insult was the aim of the entry; that it is not sufficient for that purpose to show merely that the natural consequence of the entry was likely to be annoyance, intimidation or insult, and that this likely consequence was known to the person enter-ing; that in deciding whether the aim of the entry was the causing of such annoyance, intimidation or insult, the Court has to consider all the relevant circumstances including the presence of know-ledge that its natural consequences would be such annoyance, intimidation or insult and including also the probability or something else than the causing of such intimidation, insult or annoyance, being the dominant intention which prompted the entry, (AIR 1964 SC 986); Rash Behari Chatterj...
Married women's property
Married women's property, At Common Law, a woman, by marrying, transferred the ownership of all her property, real and personal, present and future, to her husband absolutely, so that he might sell, pay his debts out of, give away, or dispose by will of it as he pleased, with these exceptions and modifications:-1) Her freehold estate became his to manage and take the profits of during the joint lives only. After his death, leaving her surviving, it passed to her absolutely; after her death, leaving him surviving, provided that it was an estate in possession and issue who could in her it had been born during the marriage, it passed to him as 'tenant by the curtesy (q.v.) of England,' during his life, and after his death to her heir-at-law.(2) Her leasehold estate, her personal estate in expectancy, and the debts owing to her and other 'choses in action,' became his absolutely if he did some act to appropriate or reduce them into possession during the marriage, or if he survived her. If ...
Workmen's Compensation Act
Workmen's Compensation Act. (English) The Workmen's Compensation Act, 1897, introduced the principle of compulsory insurance of workmen by employers in a restricted number of trades. The gist of a right to compensation under the Acts is 'accident arising out of and in the course of the employment' causing personal injury to a workman (Workmen's Compensation Act, 1925 [15 & 16 Geo. 5, c. 84), s. 1 (1)] The compensation is not damages for negligence or any other tort at common law or by statute (see COMPBELL (LORD) ACTS (Fatal Accidents Acts, 1846-1908) and Employers Liability Act, 1880, sub tit. MASTER AND SERVANT), and an employer is not liable both for damages and compensation; but the workman or his representatives may elect between the remedies, and in an unsuccessful action for damages the Court may assess or refer the question of compensation to the proper tribunal, subject to an equitable order for costs (Workmen's Compensation Act, 1925, s. 25). Compensation is not payable for a...
King's Bench
King's Bench. The Court of King's or Queen's bench (so called because the King used formerly to sit there in person (though the judges determined the causes), the style of the Court still being coram ipso rege, or coram ipsa regina) was a Court of record, and the Supreme Court of Common Law in the kingdom, consisting of a chief justice and four puisne justices, who were by their office the sovereign conservators of the peace and supreme coroners of the land.This court, which was the remnant of the aula regia, was not, nor could be, from the very nature and constitution of it, fixed to any certain place, but might follow the King's person wherever he went, for which reason all process issuing out of this Court in the King's name was returnable 'ubicunque fuerimus in Anglia.' For some centuries, and until the opening of the Royal Courts, the court usually sat at Westminster, being an ancient palace of the Crown, but might remove with the King as he thought proper to command.The jurisdict...
Acknowledgement of a wife's assurance
Acknowledgement of a wife's assurance. If, before 1st January, 1925 [see (English) Law of Property Act, 1925, s. 167], a woman married before 1883 disposed of her estate or interest in lands or her revisionary interest in personal property she was required, unless her title thereto had accrued since 1882, or unless she was entitled thereto for her separate use to comply with the formalities prescribed by the (English) Fines and Recoveries Act, 1833 (3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 74), ss. 77-91, with regard to land, and by 20 & 21 Vict. C. 57, commonly called (English) 'Malins's Act,' which incorporated the procedure of the (English) Fines and Recoveries Act, with regard to reversionary interests in personal estate.The (English) Fines and Recoveries Act requiredthe acknowledgment to be made before two commissioners, but the 7th section of the (English) Conveyancing Act, 1882, substituted one only, and also dispensed with the affidavit and certificate of acknowledgment required by the former Act; se...
Lord Mayor's Court in London
Lord Mayor's Court in London. An inferior [Cox v. Mayor of London, (1867) LR 2 HL 239] Court of the king, held before the lord mayor and aldermen. Its practice and procedure were amended and its powers enlarged by the Mayor's Court of London Procedure Act, 1857. In this Court the recorder presided, or, in his absence, the common serjeant (s. 43), or the assistant judge appointed under the Borough Courts of Record Act, 1872. The Mayor's and City of London Court Act, 1920, amalgamated the City of London Court (see that title) (the jurisdiction of which was that of county Court) with the Mayor's Court, and by the County Court Act, 1934 (24 & 25 Geo. 5, c. 53), s. 186, now to be deemed a county Court, subject to the Mayor's Court Act of 1920, and the London (City) Small Debts Extension Act, 1852, with all its powers, rights and privileges preserved; and see Bowater & Sons Ltd. v. Davidson's Paper Sales, (1936) 1 KB 465. The conjoint Court thus established has all the powers and jurisdictio...
Queen's Bench Division
Queen's Bench Division, means the English court, formerly known as the Queen's Bench or King's Bench, that presides over tort and contract actions, applications for judicial review, and some Magistrate-court appeals, Black's Law Dictionary, 7th Edn., p. 1259.The jurisdiction of the Court of Queen's Bench was assigned, by s. 34 of the (English) Jud. Act, 1873, to the Queen's Bench Division of the High Court of Justice; and by Order in Council under s. 32 of the same Act, the Common Pleas and Exchequer Divisions were, in February 1881, merged in the same 'Queen's Bench Division,' which began to be styled, after the death of the late Queen Victoria in January, 1901, the 'King's Bench Division.' As to assignment of business to, see (English) Jud. Act, 1925, s. 56 (2)....
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