S 146 - Law Dictionary Search Results
Home Dictionary Name: s 146 Page 1 of about 10,557 results (0.009 seconds)Forfeiture
Forfeiture, a penalty for an offence or unlawful act, or for some wilful omission of a tenant of property whereby he loses it, together with his title, which devolves upon others.Forfeiture resulted from the following circumstan-ces:--(1) Treason, misprision of treason, felony, murder, self-murder, pr'munire, and striking or threatening a judge. But the (English) Forfeiture Act, 1870 (33 & 34 Vict. c. 23), enacted that no conviction, etc., for treason or felony, or felo de se, shall cause any forfeiture except as consequent on outlawry. The Act also makes provision for the appointment by the Crown of administrators of the property of convicts.(2) Conveyance contrary to law, as transferring a freehold to an alien, who formerly could take lands but could not hold them; wherefore upon office found the Crown was entitled to the land. But the British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act, 1914 (substituted for the (English) Naturalization Act, 1870), subject to certain provisoes, enables ali...
Under-lease
Under-lease, a grant by a lessee to another, called under-lessee, or under-tenant, or sub-lessee, or sub-tenant, of a part of his whole interest under the original lease, reserving to himself a reversion; it differs from an assignment, which conveys the lessee's whole interest, and passes to the assignee the right and liability to sue and be sued upon the covenants in the original lease.An under-lease for the whole term of the original lease amounts to an assignment, Beardman v. Wilson, (1868) LR 4 CP 57.Between the original lessor and an under-tenant there is neither privity of estate nor privity of contract, so that these parties cannot take advantage, the one against the other, of the covenants, either in law or in deed, which exist between the original lessor and lessee [Holford v. Hatch (1779) 1 Dougl 183; Johnson v. Wild, (1890) 44 Ch D 146]; but the lessor can distrain on the sub-lessee or take advantage of a condition of forfeiture, G.W. Ry. v. Smith, (1876) 2 Ch D 253. By s. 4...
Insurance
Insurance, see, Income-tax Act, 1961 (43 of 1961), s. 80C, Expl. 1.Insurance, the act of providing against a possible loss, by entering into a contract with one who is willing to give assurance, that is, to bind himself to make good such loss should it occur. In this contract, the chances of benefit are equal to the insured and the insurer. The first actually pays a certain sum, and the latter undertakes to pay a larger, if an accident should happen. The one renders his property secure; the other receives money with the probability that it is clear gain. The instrument by which the contract is made is called a policy; the stipulated consideration, a premium. As to what is known as a coupon policy, i.e., a coupon cut out of a diary, etc., see General Accident, etc., Assce. Corpn. v. Robertson, 1909 AC 404.Insurable Interest must be possessed by the person taking out a policy; he must be so circumstanced as to have benefit from the existence of the person or thing insured, and some preju...
Landlord and tenant
Landlord and tenant. A tenancy arises when the owner of an estate inland, called the lessor or landlord, agrees expressly or by implication to allow another person, called the lessee or tenant, to enjoy the exclusive possession and use of the land for a period less than the landlord's estate in it, generally upon payment of rent. The landlord's estate is called the reversion, and at common law, a power of distress for rent is incident to the reversion.Leases or tenancies may be (1) for any agreed period such as for years or less, e.g., for a year, half-year, quarter or week; (2) from year to year; (3) at will; (4) on sufferance; or (5) they may arise upon estoppel; or (6) exist by force of a statute (see LEASE; INCREASE OF RENT). In a narrower sense the words 'tenancy' and 'landlord and tenant' are generally restricted to lease of a house or land for occupational purposes. If nothing appears to the contrary, either expressly or by implication, in the lease or agreement, the landlord is...
Contracting out of a statute
Contracting out of a statute. In accordance with the maxim, Quilibet potest [or Cuilibet licet] renunciare juri pro se introducto, persons for whose benefit a statute has been passed may contract with others in such a manner as to deprive themselves of the benefit of the statute, as, for instance, the benefit of the Employers Liability Act, 1880; see Griffiths v. Earl of Dudley, (1882) 9 QBD 357.Certain Acts prohibit 'contracting out' or impose limitations. For example, by s. 1 (3) of the Workmens Compensation Act, 1925, contracting out of the Act is allowed upon the certificate of the Registrar of Friendly Societies that a proposed scheme of compensation is not less favourable to the workmen than the scheme of compensation provided by the Act. See also s. 45 of the Agricultural Holdings Act, 1923; and s. 146 (12) of the (English) Law of Property Act,1925, which provides for relief against the forfeiture of a lease; and also ss. 95 and 96 as to mortgages which exclude contracting out, ...
Elegit
Elegit (he has chosen), a judicial writ of execution founded on the statute of Westminster II. (13 Edw. 1, c. 18), by which it became, in the election of a party having recovered judgment, either to have a writ of fieri facias (see that title) or else to seize all the chattels and half the land of the judgment debtor in specie until judgment satisfied.The writ of elegit was extended by the (English) Judgments Act,1838 (1 & 2 Vict. c. 110), to all the debtor's lands instead of a moiety as before, and also to his copyhold lands; but it does not now extend to good. [(English) Bankruptcy Act, 1883, s. 146]After the writ has been returned and filed, the creditor becomes tenant by elegit; the legal estate vests in him, and he can bring ejectment or sue for the rent if the estate is in reversion, Hatton v. Haywood, (1874) LR 9 Ch 236. See R.S.C., Ord. XLIII. The writ will not affect the legal estate against a purchaser unless it is registered and re-registered every five years at the (English...
Fee-farm rent
Fee-farm rent, where an estate in fee is granted in perpetuity, subject to a rent in fee for so much as it is reasonably worth, not being less than one-fourth of the value of the lands at the time of its reservation; and such rent appears to be called fee-farm, because a grant of land reserving so considerable a rent is indeed only letting lands to farm in fee-simple, instead of the usual method of life or years, Steph. Com., 13th Edn. At p. 480. If the rent be in arrear for two years the feoffor or his heirs may have an action to recover the lands as his demesnes. Cowel's Law Dict., citing Britton, cap. 66, num. 4. Formerly it was said that these rents could not be distrained for, but the (English) Landlord and Tenant Act, 1730 (4 Geo. 2, c. 28), s. 5, allowed distress, impounding and sale for the rents if the rents had been paid for three years. for the remedies in case of non-payment of these rents if created after 1881, see s. 121, (English) Law of Property Act, 1925, and for relie...
Tape-recorded conversation
Tape-recorded conversation, a previous statement, made by a person and recorded on tape, can be used not only to corroborate the evidence given by the witness in Court but also to contradict the evidence given before the Court, as well as to test the veracity of the witness and also to impeach his impartiality. Apart from being used for corrobora-tion, the evidence is admissible in respect of the other three last-mentioned matters, u/s. 146(1), Exception 2 to s. 153 and s. 155(3) of the Evidence Act; Shri N. Sri Rama Reddy v. Shri V.V. Giri, AIR 1971 SC 1162: (1970) 2 SCC 340: (1971) 1 SCR 399....
Levari facias
Levari facias (that you caused to be levied), a writ of execution at Common Law, commanding the sheriff to levy or make of the lands and chattels of the judgment-debtor the sum recovered by the judgment. The sheriff was not authorized to sell or extend the lands, or deliver them to the creditor, but could only collect the debt from the issues and profits of the land, and from the sale of the chattels. This writ, long superseded by the writ of elegit, was formally abolished by the (English) Bankruptcy Act, 1883, s. 146, sub-s. 2....
Married women's property
Married women's property, At Common Law, a woman, by marrying, transferred the ownership of all her property, real and personal, present and future, to her husband absolutely, so that he might sell, pay his debts out of, give away, or dispose by will of it as he pleased, with these exceptions and modifications:-1) Her freehold estate became his to manage and take the profits of during the joint lives only. After his death, leaving her surviving, it passed to her absolutely; after her death, leaving him surviving, provided that it was an estate in possession and issue who could in her it had been born during the marriage, it passed to him as 'tenant by the curtesy (q.v.) of England,' during his life, and after his death to her heir-at-law.(2) Her leasehold estate, her personal estate in expectancy, and the debts owing to her and other 'choses in action,' became his absolutely if he did some act to appropriate or reduce them into possession during the marriage, or if he survived her. If ...
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