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Commissioners for Oaths

as a solicitor from the date of the first certificate (but this rule is under special circumstances sometimes relaxed), or if he has been a barrister, from the date of his call to the (English) Bar (Solicitors

Charitable uses and trusts

35 Vict. c. 13); together with a few other public charities. The strictness of the Act was further relaxed in the case of gifts of land for charitable purposes, such as parks, universities, schools, museums, places of

Charities, or Public Trusts

the Emperor Valentinian to enact to Mortmain Act by which it was restrained. But this restraint was gradually relaxed; and in the time of Justinian it became a fixed maxim of civil law that legacies to pious

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Per incuriam

means 'carelessness'. In practice per incuriam appears to mean per ignoratium. English courts have developed this principle in relaxation of the rule of stare decisis. The 'quotable in law' is avoided and ignored if it rendered, 'in

Constructive notice

which case there is constructive notice of the adverse claimant's interest. The doctrine of constructive notice has been relaxed or disregarded in commercial transactions, e.g., debentures, Re Standard Rotary Machine Co., (1906) 95 LT 829. The doctrine

Intervention

what he might have done had he been a party in the first instance; but the Court may relax this rule under special circumstances. In probate actions, any person not named in the writ may intervene and

Mesne process

Act, 1838 (1 & 2 Vict. c. 110), s. 1, the power of arrest upon mesne process was relaxed, and confined to the case of a debtor about to quit England, and where the amount of the

Oath

rule was, that all witnesses must take an oath of some kind. Very gradually, however, the legislature has relaxed this rule, and the privilege of affirming (see AFFIRMATION) instead of taking an oath has now been universally

Alien

of which is shown by the (English) Act of 1844, 7 & 8 Vict. c. 66, which greatly relaxed the law in their favour. It provided, inter alia, that every person born of a British mother should

Breach of trust

trust as formerly; see Speight v. Gaunt, (1883) 9 App Cas 1. More recently, the Trustee Acts have relaxed the stringent rules of Equity in regard to trustees; their authority has been extended, their discretion has been

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