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Irrationality
Irrationality, mean what can by now be succinctly referred to Wednesbury unreasonableness, Council of Civil Service Unions v. Minister for the Civil Service, (1984) 3 All ER … It applies to a decision which is so outrageous in its defiance of logic or of accepted moral standards that no sensible person who had applied his mind to the question to be decided could have arrived
Church
and of the word 'establishment,' 'confirmation of something already done, ratification'; and the use of these words, with reference to the church of England, in Acts of Parliament and other public documents, has always been according to … Acts of Parliament and other public documents, has always been according to that sense (ibid. p. 69). The standard of doctrine and practice is settled by the Thirty-nine Articles (see Articles OF RELIGION) agreed on by convocation
Public interest
the retirement of a government servant who with the passage of years has pre-maturely ceased to possess the standard of efficiency, competence and utility called for by the government service to which he belongs. No stigmas or … Reprint 2000, at p. 1557). See also T.M.A. Pai Foundation v. State of Karnataka, (2002) 8 SCC 481. Refers to cases where the interests of public adminis-tration require the retirement of a government servant who with the
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Specification
application for a patent. It means a description of an article or process as far as practicable by reference to its nature, quality, strength, purity, composition, quantity, dimensions, weight, grade, durability, origin, age, material, mode of manufacture … mode of manufacture or other characteristics to distinguish it from any other article or process. [Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 (63 of 1986), s. 2(s)
Advertisement
price lists or other material, by exhibition of pictures, models or fils, or in any other way, and references to the publishing of advertisements are to be construed accordingly, Halsbury's Laws of England, Vol. 4(2), 4th Edn., … or website and includes through any notice, circular, label, wrapper, invoice or other documents. [The Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006, s. 3(b)] Advertisement includes any notice, circular, label, wrapper or any other document or visible representation
Fabric
cloth that is woven or knit, braided, petted, with any textile fibre ... and 'textile' is said to refer to a broad classification of any material that can be worked into fabric, such as fibres and yarns … manufacture from fibres, filaments, or yarns, natural or artificial, obtained by interlacing. The 1967 Annual Book of ASTM Standards defines cloth as any textile fabric but specially one de-signed for apparel, domestic or industrial use and textile
Transaction
and com-pleted; a 'proceeding' either something which is now going on, or if ended, is still contemplated with reference to its progress on successive stages. A transaction in the ordinary sense of the words, means some business
Misconduct
Misconduct, is a relative term. It has to be considered with reference to the subject-matter and the context wherein such term occurs. It literally means wrong conduct or improper conduct, … was treated as misconduct. It is, however, difficult to believe that lack of efficiency or attainment of highest standards in discharge of duty attached to public office would ipso facto constitute misconduct, Union of India v. J.
Import
words are not to be interpreted only according to their literal derivations. Lexico-logically they do not have any reference to goods in 'transit' a word derived from transire bearing a meaning similar to transport, i.e., to go
Reserve
held that the true nature and character of a sum disputed as reserve was to be determined with reference to the substance of the matter. A reserve in the sense in which it is used in rule … the expression 'reserve' means something specifically kept apart for future use or for a specific occasion, CIT v. Standard Vacuum Oil Ltd., AIR 1966 SC 1393 (1401): (1966) 2 SCR 367. [Business Profits Tax Act, 1947, Schedule
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