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Under-lease

Under-lease, a grant by a lessee to another, called under-lessee, or under-tenant, or sub-lessee, or sub-tenant, of a part of his whole interest under the original lease, reserving to himself a reversion; it differs from an assignment, which conveys the lessee's whole interest, and passes to the assignee the right and liability to sue and be sued upon the covenants in the original lease.An under-lease for the whole term of the original lease amounts to an assignment, Beardman v. Wilson, (1868) LR 4 CP 57.Between the original lessor and an under-tenant there is neither privity of estate nor privity of contract, so that these parties cannot take advantage, the one against the other, of the covenants, either in law or in deed, which exist between the original lessor and lessee [Holford v. Hatch (1779) 1 Dougl 183; Johnson v. Wild, (1890) 44 Ch D 146]; but the lessor can distrain on the sub-lessee or take advantage of a condition of forfeiture, G.W. Ry. v. Smith, (1876) 2 Ch D 253. By s. 4...


Warranty

Warranty, a guarantee or security; formerly a promise or covenant by deed by the bargainer, for himself and his heirs, to warrant and secure the bargainee and his heirs against all persons for the enjoying of the thing granted accompanied by a promise, express or implied, that if eviction should take place, the warrantor would substitute an equivalent estate in its place-see Co. Litt. 365 a. In that form it has been superseded in practice by 3 & 4 Wm. 4, cc. 27 (s. 39) and 74 (s. 14). See RECOVERY.More generally, a warranty is any agreement either accompanying a transfer of property, or collateral to the contract for such transfer, see Lawrence v. Cassell, (1930) 2 KB 83, and Miller v. Cannon Hill Estates Ltd., (1931) 2 KB 113, or to any other agreement or transaction, and in so far as it is a contract a warranty does not differ from any other contractual promise. A warranty may be express or implied by law or statute.For instances of implied warranties, see that title, CAVEAT EMPTOR, ...


Term of years absolute

Term of years absolute, defined for the purposes of the (English) Law of Property Act, 1925, s. 205 (1) (xxvii.), as a term of years in possession or reversion whether or not at a rent with or without impeachment for waste, subject or not to another legal estate and either certain or liable to deter-mination by notice, re-entry, operation of law, or by a provision for cesser of redemption or in any other event (other than the dropping of a life or the determination of a determinable life interest, but does not include any term of years determinable with life or lives or with the cesser of a determinable life interest, nor if created after 1925 a term of years which is not expressed to take effect in possession within twenty-one years where required by the Act to take effect within that period (i.e., leases at a rent or in considation of a fine and not being leases of a reversion on a term, see s. 149 of the Act); and in that definition, term of years includes terms for less than years ...


Regress

Regress, means the act or an instance of going or coming back, return or re-entry, Black's Law Dictionary, 7th Edn., p. 1289....


Proviso

Proviso, stipulation, caution, a condition, inserted in any deed, on the performance whereof the validity of the deed depends. As to the proviso for re-entry in a lease, see FORFEITURE (5); CONDITION; USUAL COVENANTS.The terms proviso and condition are synonymous, and signify some quality annexed to a real estate by virtue of which it may be defeated, enlarged, or created upon an uncertain event. Such qualities annexed to personal contracts and agreements are generally called conditions. A proviso or condition differs from a covenant in this, that the former is in the words of, and binding upon, both parties; whereas the latter is in the words of the grantor only. At the same time a proviso or condition may be construed as a covenant or agreement if the proviso involves the consideration upon which the benefit is obtained a fortiori, where words such as 'provided that, and it is hereby agreed' are used. But if no intention that the proviso was intended to be obligatory can be gathered ...


Nullus commodum capere potset de injuria sua propria

Nullus commodum capere potset de injuria sua propria. Co. Litt. 148 b, (No one can obtain an advantage by his own wrong.) See Broom's Leg. Maxims and the cases cited, e.g., Hooper v. Lane, (1857) 6 HLC 461, per Bramwell, B.; and Doe v. Bancks, (1821) 4 B&Ald 401,in which it has been held that a lessee cannot take advantage of his own wrongful act, and turea proviso for re-entry by the lessor thereupon, even though the proviso be that the term shall cease, or that the lease shall be utterly void for all purposes, only makes the lease voidable at the option of the lessor....


Ejectment

Ejectment, the 'mixed' action at Common Law to recover the possession of land (which is real), and damages and costs for the wrongful withholding of the land (which are personal).Until abolished by the (English) C.L.P. Act, 1852, s. 168, the forms of this action exhibited the most remarkable string of fictions then recognized by the Courts of Common Law. The action was commen-ced by the party claiming title delivering to the party in possession a declaration in which the plaintiff (John Doe) and the defendant (Richard Roe) were fictitious persons. The declaration stated that a lease of the premises in question for a term of years had been made by the party claiming the title (who was the real plaintiff) to John Doe, who entered upon the land by virtue of such demise, and that afterwards Richard Roe, the casual ejector, entered and ousted John Doe during the continuance of his term. Appended to this declara-tion was a notice signed by Richard Roe, addressed to the tenant in possession (...


Breakup

Disruption coming apart a separation and dispersion of the parts or members as a break up of a meeting assembly or dinner party the break up of a spacecraft on re entry into the atmosphere...


returning residents

returning residents Lawful permanent residents who want to return to the United States after staying abroad more than one year or beyond the expiration of their re-entry permits. Source: Department of State. March 2007. ...


returning resident

returning resident Any Lawful Permanent Resident who has been outside the United States and is returning to the U.S. Also defined as a "special immigrant." If outside of the U.S. for more than 180 days, must apply for readmission to the U.S. If outside of the U.S. for more than one year and is returning to his or her permanent residence in the United States, usually must have a re-entry documentation from USCIS or an immigrant visa from the Department of State. Source: U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services ...



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