Prosecution - Law Dictionary Search Results
Home Dictionary Name: prosecution Page: 3 Page 3 of about 3,652 results (0.005 seconds)Malice
Malice [fr. malitia, Lat.], a formed design of doing mischief to another, technically called malitia pr'cogitata, or malice prepense or aforethought. It is either express, as when one with a sedate and deliberate mind and formed design kills another, which formed design is evidenced by certain circumstances discovering such intentions, as lying in wait, antecedent menaces, former grudges, and concerted schemes to do him some bodily harm; or implied, as where one wilfully poisons another; in such a deliberate act the law presumes malice, though no particular enmity can be proved. The nature of implied malice is also illustrated by the maxim, 'Culpa lata dolo 'quiparatur'-when negligence reaches a certain point it is the same as intentional wrong-'Every one must be taken to intend that which his the natural consequence of his actions'-if any one acts in exactly the same way as he would do it he bore express malice to another, he cannot be allowed to say he does not, 4 Steph. Com.'Malice ...
Known sources of income
Known sources of income, the expression 'known sources of income' must have reference to sources known to the prosecution on a thorough investigation of the case. It was not, and it could not be, contended that 'known sources of income' means sources known to the accused. Affairs of the accused are matters specially within the knowledge of the accused; within the meaning of s. 106 of the Evidence Act, C.S.D. Swami v. State, AIR 1960 SC 7: (1960) 1 SCR 461. [Prevention of Corruption Act, 1947, s. 5(3)]The expression 'known sources of incomes' means 'sources known to the prosecution'. So also, the same meaning must be given to the words 'for which the public servant cannot satisfactorily account' occurring in s. 5(1)(e), State of Maharashtra v. Wasudeo Ramchandra Kaidalwar, AIR 1981 SC 1186; (1981) 3 SCC 199: (1981) 3 SCR 675.The expression 'known sources of income' has reference to sources known to the prosecution after thorough investigation of the case. It is not, and cannot be conten...
Tort
Tort [fr. tortus, Lat.], an injury or wrong independent of contract, as by assault, libel, malicious prosecution, negligence, slander, or trespass (see those titles). Actions are divided into actions in contract and actions in tort: see as to county Court jurisdiction in actions of tort when claim is under 100l. (except libel, slander seduction). See County Courts Act, 1934, s. 40, and as to costs of actions of tort commenced in High Court which could have been commenced in County Court, see s. 47, and COUNTY COURT. An action founded on tort was Tort [fr. tortus, Lat.], an injury or wrong independent of contract, as by assault, libel, malicious prosecution, negligence, slander, or trespass (see those titles). Actions are divided into actions in contract and actions in tort: see as to county Court jurisdiction in actions of tort when claim is under 100l. (except libel, slander seduction). See County Courts Act, 1934, s. 40, and as to costs of actions of tort commenced in High Court whic...
estoppel
estoppel [probably from Middle French estoupail plug, stopper, from estouper to stop up see estop ] 1 : a bar to the use of contradictory words or acts in asserting a claim or right against another ;esp : equitable estoppel in this entry compare waiver equitable estoppel : an estoppel that prevents a person from adopting a new position that contradicts a previous position maintained by words, silence, or actions when allowing the new position to be adopted would unfairly harm another person who has relied on the previous position to his or her loss called also estoppel in pais NOTE: Traditionally equitable estoppel required that the original position was a misrepresentation which was being denied in the new position. Some jurisdictions retain the requirement of misrepresentation. estoppel by deed : an estoppel precluding a person from denying the truth of any matter that he or she asserted in a deed esp. regarding his or her title to the property compare after-acquired title a...
Reasonable and probable cause
Reasonable and probable cause, means genuine belief based on reasonable grounds that the proceedings are justified, ST Sahib v. Hassan Ghani Sahib, AIR 1957 Mad 646.Reasonable and probable cause, such grounds as justify any one in suspecting another of a crime and giving him in custody thereon. Its absence is one of the causes of action in an action for malicious prosecution and its existence is a defence to an action for false imprisonment. After the jury have found the facts, the question whether the facts show a reasonable and probable cause is a question of law, not fact, but the judge may leave that finding to the jury in some cases, McDonald v. Rooke, (1835) 2 Bing (NC) 217. See Addison on Torts; Clerk and Lindsell on Torts. See FALSE IMPRISONMENT; MALICIOUS PROSECUTION.'Reasonable and probable cause' means a genuine belief, based on reasonable grounds, that the proceedings are justified, S.T. Sahib v. N. Hasan Ghani Sahib, AIR 1957 Mad 646.Reasonable and probable cause means an ...
Carucate
Carucate [fr. Carucata terr'], Carvage,or Carve of land, a plough-land of 100 acres, or according to Skene, as much land as may be tilled in a year and a day by one plough, Ken. Glos. 'And one plow land, carucata terr', or a hide of land, hida terr' (which is all one), is not of any certain content, but as much as a plow can by course of husbandry plough in a year.'-Co. Litt. 69 a. This quantity varies in different counties from 60 to 120 acres.Case, includes a suit or any proceeding before a court. [Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987 (39 of 1987), s. 2(1)(a)]Means--(1) A trial. (2) A trial involving some point of law so important as to be published in Law Reports (see that title) for future use as a precedent. (3) A statement of facts and documents, raising a point of law, submitted for the opinion of counsel. See PRECEDENTS. (4) includes a suit or any proceeding before a court. [Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987 (39 of 1987), s. 2 (1) (a)]. (5) The expression 'case' is not limit...
May
May, Prima facie the word 'may' must be given its ordinary and natural meaning. Primarily it is permissive in its meaning and until the contrary is established the word 'may' in section 6 of the Criminal (Amendment) Act could be read to mean that 'It shall be lawful'. There is nothing in the provisions of the Act, which would compel a court to give to the word 'may' in section 6 of the Act a meaning other than its ordinary meaning and to interpret it as 'shall', State v. Surajdeo Sinha, 1953 BLJR 571: 1954 Cr LJ 139: 1954 Pat 80.The word 'may' does not always import that the matter is discretionary with the court in exercising its functions. Similarly, 'shall' sometimes imports that the matter is entirely discretionary with the court in exercise of its functions, State of Uttar Pradesh v. Jogendra Singh, 1963 SC 1613; State of Uttar Pradesh v. Manbodan Lal, 1957 SC 912; Kamar Singh v. Delhi Administration, 1965 SC 971; Banwari Lal v. State of Bihar, 1961 SC 849; Narayana Rao v. State o...
Preventive detention
Preventive detention. By the (English) Prevention of Crime Act, 1908 (8 Edw. 7, c. 59), s. 10, as amended by the (English) Indictments Act, 1915 (5 & 6 Geo. 5, c. 90), a person after three previous convictions after attaining sixteen years of age, can with the consent of the Director of Public Prosecutions, R. v. Waller, (1910) 1 KB 364, in certain cases be charged, R. v. Smith, (1910) 1 KB 17, with being an habitual criminal, and if the charge is established, he can, in addition to a punishment of penal servitude, receive a further sentence of not less than five years or more than ten years, called a sentence of preventive detention. During such detention the Secretary of State has power to let the person out on licence, if he is satisfied that there is a reasonable probability that he will abstain from crime and lead a useful an industrious life, or that he is no longer capable of engaging in crime. Unless the offender admits he is an habitual criminal the jury must determine whether...
Receiver of stolen property
Receiver of stolen property. Punishable under the (English) Larceny Act, 1916, s. 33. The offence consists in receiving any property knowing the same to have been stolen or obtained in any way whatsoever under circumstances which amount to felony or misdemeanour. It matters not whether the principal thief has been prosecuted. Whether the offence is a felony or misdemeanour depends on which the original stealing, etc., was. Section 43 provides that, on a prosecution of a person for receiving stolen property knowing it to have been stolen or for being in possession thereof, there may be given in evidence for the purpose of proving guilty knowledge: (a) The fact that other property stolen within the period of twelve months preced-ing the date of the offence charged was found or had been in his possession; (b) the fact that within five years preceding the date of the offence charged he was convicted of an offence involving fraud or dishonesty. Before the prosecution can prove (c) a seven d...
Sanction and direction
Sanction and direction, an application of the mind is necessary, but there is this essential difference that in the one case there is a legal impediment to the prosecution if there be no sanction, and in the other case, there is a positive order that the prosecution should be launched. For a sanction, all that is necessary for one to be satisfied about is the existence of a prima facie case. In the case of a direction, a further element that the accused deserves to be prosecuted is involved, Rameshwar Bhartia v. State of Assam, AIR 1952 SC 405....
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