Precedence - Page 4 - Law Dictionary

Letters-patent, or letters overt

Letters-patent, or letters overt [fr. liter' patentes, Lat.], writings of the sovereign, sealed with the Great Seal of England, whereby a person or public company is enabled to do acts or enjoy privileges which he or it could not do or enjoy without such authority. They are so called because they are open with the seal affixed and ready to be shown for confirmation of the authority thereby given. Peers are sometimes created by letters-patent, and letters-patent of precedence were granted to barristers. By letters-patent aliens are made denizens, and especially new inventions are protected; hence the incorporeal chattel of patent-right.A 'patent-right' is a privilege granted by the Crown to the first inventor of any new contrivance in manufactures, that he alone shall be entitled, during a limited period, to make Articles according to his own invention--Statute of Monopolies, 21 Jac. 1, c. 3.To be the subject of a patent-right an article must be material and capable of manufacture, an i...

Earl

Earl [fr. eorl, Sax.; eoryl, Erse; comes, Lat.], a title of nobility, formerly the highest in England, now the third, ranking between a marquis and a viscount, and corresponding with the French Comte and the German Graf. The title originated with the Saxons, and is the most ancient of the English peerage. William the Conqueror first made it hereditary. An earl has an hereditary seat in the House of Lords. In official instruments he is called by the sovereign 'trusty and well-beloved cousin,' an appellation as ancient as the reign of Henry IV., who was, as a fact, related to the greater part of the nobles (see Shakespeare's Henry IV., Second Part, Act 2, sc. 2), and took this public notice of it as a means of popularity.A title of nobility, formerly the highest in England but now the third highest ranking between marquis and a viscount, Black's Law Dictionary, 7th Edn., p. 525.Earl, is the third degree of peerage in order of precedence, but the first in antiquity. (Cruise on Dignities (...

Preambulation

A walking or going before precedence...

federal preemption

federal preemption : a doctrine in law that allows a federal law to take precedence over or to displace a state law in certain matters of national importance (as interstate commerce) ...

general

general 1 : involving, applicable to, or affecting the whole 2 : involving, relating to, or applicable to every member of a class, kind, or group 3 : not confined by specialization or limitation 4 : relating to, determined by, or concerned with main elements rather than limiting details [a resemblance] 5 : holding superior rank or taking precedence over others similarly titled [the manager] ...

lien

lien [Anglo-French, bond, obligation, literally, tie, band, from Old French, from Latin ligamen, from ligare to bind] : a charge or encumbrance upon property for the satisfaction of a debt or other duty that is created by agreement of the parties or esp. by operation of law ;specif : a security interest created esp. by a mortgage assessment lien : a lien that is on property benefiting from an improvement made by a municipality and that secures payment of the taxes assessed to pay for the improvement attachment lien : a lien acquired on property by a creditor upon levy of an attachment car·ri·er's lien : a lien against freight conferring on the carrier the right to retain the property until the amount due is paid charging lien : a lien attaching to a judgment or recovery awarded to a plaintiff and securing payment of the plaintiff's attorney's fees and expenses called also special lien choate lien : a lien that requires no further action to be made enforceable and th...

override

override -rode [-rōd] -rid·den [-rid-n] -rid·ing 1 : to prevail or take precedence over [if, as is often the case, federal constitutional principles state statutory or common law "H. P. Wilkins"] 2 : to set aside by virtue of superior authority [overrode the jury's sentencing recommendation] ;esp : annul [ a veto with the required majority] [ō-vər-rīd] n 1 : a commission paid to managerial personnel on sales made by subordinates called also override commission 2 : royalty 3 : an act or instance of overriding [a legislative ] ...

override

override -rode [-rōd] -rid·den [-rid-n] -rid·ing 1 : to prevail or take precedence over [if, as is often the case, federal constitutional principles state statutory or common law "H. P. Wilkins"] 2 : to set aside by virtue of superior authority [overrode the jury's sentencing recommendation] ;esp : annul [ a veto with the required majority] [ō-vər-rīd] n 1 : a commission paid to managerial personnel on sales made by subordinates called also override commission 2 : royalty 3 : an act or instance of overriding [a legislative ] ...

postpone

postpone post·poned post·pon·ing 1 : to put off to a later time 2 : to place later in precedence, preference, or importance ;specif : to subordinate (a lien) to a later lien post·pon·able adj post·pone·ment n ...

Dignities

Dignities, a species of incorporeal hereditament, in which a man may have a property or estate. As an incorporeal hereditament, a dignity was held to be 'land' within the meaning of s. 37 of the Settled Land Act, 1882 [Re Rivett-Carnac, (1885) 30 Ch D 136]. See now ss. 67 and 75 (5) of the Settled Land Act, 1925. Dignities were originally annexed to the possession of certain estates in land, and created by a grant of those estates; or, at all events, that was the most usual course. And although they are little more than personal distinctions, they are still classed under the head of real property; and as having relation to land, in theory at least, may be entailed by the Crown, within the Statute de Donis; or limited in remainder, to commence after the determination of a preceding estate-tail in the same dignity. See PEOPLE; PRECEDENCE....

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