Para - Law Dictionary Search Results
Home Dictionary Name: paraBusiness
Business, 'business' is a word of wide import. It has no definite meaning. Its perceptions differ from private to public sector or from institutional financing to commercial banking, Mahesh Chandra v. Regional Manager Uttar Pradesh Financial Corpn., AIR 1993 SC 935 (939): (1993) 2 SCC 279. [State Financial Corporation Act, (63 of 1951), s. 24]--Business would undoubtedly be property, unless there is something to the contrary in the enactment, J.K. Trust Bombay v. CIT, (1958) SCR 65: 1957 SCJ 845: AIR 1957 SC 846.Business includes the activities carried on by any public body, Halsbury's Laws of England, Vol. 20, 4th Edn., Para 546, p. 357. The term 'business' includes every trade, occupation and profession. The word 'business' has no technical meaning, but is to be read with reference to the subject and intent of the Act in which it occurs. The term 'business' means an affair requiring attention and labour as the chief concern; mercantile pursuits, that one does for livelihood, occupati...
Bridge
Bridge [g'fnra, Gk.; pons, Lat.; bric, Sax.], a building erected across a river, ditch, valley, or other place, for the common benefit of travellers. The' Statute of Bridges' (22 Hen. 8, c. 5), (which see, with other statutes, Chitty's Statutes, tit. 'Highways (Bridges)'), provides for the rating of the inhabitants of a county or borough for the repair of bridges not repairable by any person ratione tenur'. As to the offence of pulling down, throwing down, or destroying a bridge, see (English) Malicious Damage Act, 1861 (24 & 25 Vict. c. 97), ss. 29 and 33.The management of county bridges is transferred from justices to county councils by s. 3, para Viii., of the (English) Local Government Act, 1888; and by s. 6 of the same Act the county councils may purchase bridges not being county bridges, and may erect new bridges. And see (English) Pub. Health Act, 1936, s. 343. The construction and repair of railway bridges over or under a public highway is mainly regulated by the (English) Rail...
Building
Building, defined by Lord Esher in Moir v. Williams, (1892) 1 QB 270, as an inclosure of brick or stone covered by a roof, and said by Park, J., in R. v. Gregory, (1833) 5 B. & Ad. At p. 561, not to include a wall; but the definition depends on circumstances, and may include a reservoir, Moran v. Marsland, (1909) 1 KB 744. The London Building Act, 1930 (20 & 21 Geo. 5, c. clviii.), has no definition. The term 'new building' was defined in s. 23 of the (English) Public Health Acts Amendment Act,1907 (c. 53) (now repealed); and see also Southend-on-Sea Corporation v. Archer, (1901) 70 LJ KB 328; South Shields Corporation v. Wilson, (1901) 84 LT 267. An old railway carriage will be a 'new building' if the interior arrangements are altered, Hanrahan v. Leigh Urban Council, (1909) 2 KB 257. An advertisement hoarding is a building within a restrictive covenant, Nussey v. Provincial Bill Posting Co., (1909) 1 Ch 734; Stevens v. Willing & Co. Ltd., 1929 WN 53. See also Paddington Corporation v...
Agriculture
Agriculture, the term 'agriculture' has been defined in various dictionaries both in the narrow sense and in the wider sense. In the narrow sense agriculture is cultivation of the field. In the wider sense it comprises all activities in relation to land including horticulture, forestry, breeding and rearing of livestock, dairying, butter and cheese-making, husbandry, etc. Whether the narrower or the wider sense of the term 'agriculture' should be adopted in a particular case depends not only upon the provisions of the various statutes in which the same occurs but also upon the facts and circumstances of each case, Maheshwari Seed Farm v. T.N. Electricity Board, (2004) 4 SCC 705 (711): AIR 2004 SC 2341.Agriculture includes horticulture, fruit growing, seed growing, dairy farming and livestock breeding and keeping, the use of land as grazing land, meadow land, market gardens and nursery grounds, and the use of land for woodlands where that use is ancillary to the framing of land for othe...
Burial ground
Burial ground, includes a vault or other place where a body is buried, Halsbury's Laws of England, Vol. 10, 4th Edn., Para 1187, p. 548.Burial ground, includes any churchyard, cemetery or other ground, whether consecrated or not, which has been at any time set aside for the purpose of interment, Halsbury's Laws of England, Vol. 10, 4th Edn., Para 1099, p. 817.Burial ground, includes any churchyard, cemetery or other ground, whether consecrated or not, which has been at any time set apart for the purpose of intermet, Halsbury's Laws of England, Vol. 10, 4th Edn., Para 1226, p. 864.The Common Law place of burial is the parish churchyard; but the growth of population and sanitary reasons having made additional burial grounds necessary, these began to be provided by companies specially authorized thereto by local (English) Acts of Parliaments, and in 1847 the Cemeteries Clauses Act (10 & 11 Vict. c. 65), consolidated the provisions usually contained in the local Acts, which thenceforward u...
Court of record
Court of record, a court of record envelops all such powers whose acts and proceedings are to be enrolled in a perpetual memorial and testimony. A court of record is undoubtedly a superior court which is itself competent to determine the scope of its jurisdiction, M.M. Thomas v. State of Kerala, (2000) 1 SCC 666.In relation to any matter, means the court to which proceedings with respect to the matter are allocated or transferred, Halsbury's Laws of England, Vol. 3(2), para 747, p. 405.Members of the State judiciary below the High Court are subordinate to the High Court and the control over the district courts and court subordinate thereto is vested in it, Constitution of India, Durga Das Basu, Vol. H, 6th Edn., p. 286.Although the Supreme Court as the final appellate court, can revise the decisions of the High Court, the High Courts are not administratively subordinate to the Supreme Court, Commentary on the Constitution of India, Durga Das Basu, Vol. H, 6th Edn., p. 233.Means the cou...
Unlaw
Unlaw, bad law or no law. 'Is prisons law, which humiliates the human minima of jail justice, unlaw? [Sunil Batra v. Delhi Administration, AIR 1978 SC 1675, para 59. Also see Charles K. Skaria v. C. Mathew, AIR 1980 SC 1230 (1237), para 19. Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India, AIR 1978 SC 597 (663) para 134 (Justice V.R. Krishna Iyer)...
Admiralty claim in rem
Admiralty claim in rem, means the claim in rem. Practice Direction Admiralty, (2000) PD 49F para 1.4(b), Note 1. See also Halsbury's Laws of England, Vol. 1(1), 4th Edn., Para 310, Note 1. p. 425....
Adoption agency
Adoption agency, A local authority or approved adoption society is known as adoption agency. Halsbury's Laws of England, Vol. 5(3), 2001, 4th Edn., p. 244, para 506.Means a local authority or approved adoption society, Halsbury's Laws of England, Vol. 5(3), 2001, 4th Edn., Para 553, Note (10), p. 287....
Amalgamation
Amalgamation, in amalgamation two or more companies are fused into one by merger or by taking over by another. Reconstruction or 'amalgamation' has no precise legal meaning. The amalgamation is a blending of two or more existing undertakings into one undertaking, the share-holders of each blending company become substantially the shareholders in the company which is to carry on the blended undertakings. There may be amalgamation either by the transfer of two or more undertakings to a new company, or by the transfer of one or more undertakings to an existing company. Strictly 'amalgamation' does not cover the mere acquisition by a company of the share capital of other company which remains in existence and continues its undertaking but the context in which the term is used may show that it is intended to include such an acquisition, Saraswati Industrial Syndicate Ltd. v. C.I.T., 1990 Supp SCC 675 (679).Amalgamation, in an amalgamation two or more companies are fused into one by merger o...
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