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Malice

evil disposition or unlawful motive with an intention to cause injury and without a lawful excuse, Bhupinder Singh v. State of Haryana, AIR 1968 P&H 406 (416). Malice is not merely the doing of a wrongful act intentionally, … for a wrongful act intentionally but without just cause/excuse or for one reasonable or probable cause, R.S. Garg v. State of Uttar Pradesh, AIR 2006 (SC) 2912: (2006) 6 SCC 430: (2006) 7 JT 1: (2006) 7 SCALE

Consumer

energy supplied by a person who generates electrical energy for his own consumption', Jiyajee Rao Cotton Mills Ltd. v. State of Madhya Pradesh, AIR 1963 SC 414: (1962) Supp 1 SCR 282. The definition of the word 'consumer'

Establishment

be establishments within the meaning of that expression as used in the amended Entry 27, Ram Kumar Misra v. State of Bihar, AIR 1984 SC 537 (539): (1984) 2 SCC 451. [Bihar Shops and Establishments Act, 1953, s.

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Turnover

because, 'turnover' means the amount of money which is turned over in the business, George Oakes (P) Ltd. v. State of Madras, AIR 1962 SC 1352. Turnover is defined to mean: 'the aggregate amount for which goods are … respect of the sale or supply of goods in the carrying out of any contract, Gopal Industries Ltd. v. State of Rajasthan, AIR 1971 SC 2054: (1971) 2 SCC 532. The definition of 'turnover' clearly indicates that the

Dealer, auction

have either a residence or a place of business within the State of Orissa, Mcleod and Company Ltd. v. State of Orissa, (1984) 1 SCC 434: AIR 1984 SC 590: (1984) 1 SCR 865. Before a person can … the appellant could not be held to be a 'dealer' liable to tax, Government of Medical Store Depot v. State of Haryana, AIR 1986 SC 1902 (1905). [Punjab General Sales Tax Act, (46 of 1948), s. 2(d) (applicable

Factory

journals, forms and other items of stationery comes within the expression 'factory', Osmania University v. Regional Director, Employees' State Insurance Corpn., AIR 1986 SC 466: (1985) 4 SCC 514. [Employees' State Insurance Act, (34 of 1948), s. … factories, all buildings situate within the same close or curtilage shall be treated as one building. See Mumby v. Valp, (1930) 1 KB 460 (power supplied by third person). The expression 'non-textile factory' means, by the same

Void

but frequently the word is used and construed as having the more liberal meaning of 'voidable', Pankaj Mehra v. State of Maharashtra, (2000) 2 SCC 756. Void, in relation to a juristic act, 'void' means without legal force, … conveyed Acts which are void and Acts repealed are not the same; they are entirely different, Abdul Khadir v. State of Mysore, AIR 1951 Mys 72 (Mys): (1951) ILR Mys 284: 52 Cr LJ 922. Void, is well-settled

Pawnbroker

interest and other admissible incidental express, the pawnbroker is liable to return the articles pledged, Karnataka Pawnbroker Assoom v. State of Karnataka, (1988) 7 SCC 707: AIR 1998 SC 201 (203). [Karnataka Pown-brokers Act, 1961 (13 of 1962), … that the goods or chattel may be afterwards repurchased on any terms, is a 'pawnbroker', Karnataka Pawnbrokers' Assn. v. State of Karnataka, (1998) 7 SCC 707. One who lends money on goods which he receives upon pledge. The

Judicial service

variety of offices connected with the administration of justice in one way or the other, Syed T.A. Naoshbandi v. State of J&K, (2003) 9 SCC 592 (604). The expression 'Judicial service' is defined in Article 236 (b) and … of Assam v. Kuseswar Saikia, AIR 1970 SC 1616 (1618): (1969) 3 SCC 505, See also Chandra Mohan v. State of Uttar Pradesh, AIR 1966 SC 1987 (1994).

Collusion

30 and 31; and a collusive penal action is no bar to a bona fide penal action by virtue of 4 Hen. 7, c. 20; Chitty's Statute, tit. 'Penal Action'; and see Girdlestone v. Brighton Aquarium Co., … the object of entering into an arrangement which may serve as a cloak to cover up the real state of affairs. When one party can dominate over the will of the other, it would not be a

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