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Home Dictionary Name: originate Page: 7Magna Carta
Magna Carta, [Latin 'great charter'] The English charter that King John granted to the barons in 1215 and Henry III and Edward I later confirmed. It is generally regarded as one of the great common-law documents and as the foundation of constitution liberties. The other three great charters of English Liberty are the Petition of Right (3 Car. (1628)), the Habeas Corpus Act (31 Car. 2 (1679)), and the Bill of Rights (1 Will. SM. (1689)). Also spelled Magna charta, Black's Law Dictionary, 7th Edn., p. 963.This Great Charter is based substantially upon the Saxon Common Law, which flourished in this kingdom until the Normaninvasion consolidated the system of feudality, still the great characteristic of the principles of real property. The barons assembled at St.Edmund's Bury, in Suffolk, in the later part of the year 1214, and there solemnly swore upon the high alter to withdraw their allegiance from the Crown, and openly rebel, unless King John confirmed by a formal charter the ancient li...
Domicile
Domicile, the place where a person has his home.By the term 'domicile,' in its ordinary acceptation, is meant the place where a person lives or has his home. In this sense the place where a person has his actual residence, inhabitancy, or commorancy, is sometimes called his domicile. In a strict and legal sense, that is properly the domicile of a person where he has his true fixed permanent home and principal establishment, and to which, whenever he is absent, he has the intention of returning (animus revertendi).Two things, then, must concur to constitute domicile: first, residence; and secondly, the intention of making it the home of the party. There must be the fact and intent; for, as Pothier has truly observed, a person cannot establish a domicile in a place except it be animo et facto.From these considerations and rules the general conclusion may be deduced, that domicile is of three sorts: domicile by birth, domicile by choice, and domicile by operation of law. The first is the ...
writ
writ [Old English, something written] 1 : a letter that was issued in the name of the English monarch from Anglo-Saxon times to declare his grants, wishes, and commands 2 : an order or mandatory process in writing issued in the name of the sovereign or of a court or judicial officer commanding the person to whom it is directed to perform or refrain from performing a specified act NOTE: The writ was a vital official instrument in the old common law of England. A plaintiff commenced a suit at law by choosing the proper form of action and obtaining a writ appropriate to the remedy sought; its issuance forced the defendant to comply or to appear in court and defend. Writs were also in constant use for financial and political purposes of government. While the writ no longer governs civil pleading and has lost many of its applications, the extraordinary writs esp. of habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, and certiorari indicate its historical importance as an instrument of judicial auth...
Copy
Copy [copia, Lat.], the transcript or double of an original writing; as the copy of a patent charter, deed, etc. As to when copies certified or examined are admissible in evidence, see Taylor on Evidence, ss. 1323 et seq.'Copy' means a copy which it substantially the same as the original variation if any from the original should not be vital in nature or should not be such that can possibly mislead a reasonable person in meeting to allegation. If the copy differs in martial particulars from the original the same cannot be cured after the period of limitation, Chandrakant Uttam Chodankar v. Dayanand Raju Mandrakar, (2005) 2 SCC 188.The word 'copy' in s. 419 means, a certified copy', State of Uttar Pradesh v. C. Tobit, AIR 1958 SC 414: 1958 SCR 1275. (Criminal Procedure Code, 1898, s. 419)--The word 'copy' in sub-s. (3) of s. 81 does not mean an absolutely exact copy, but means that the copy shall be so true that nobody can by any possibility misunderstand it, Murarka Redhey Shyam Ram Ku...
Further advance, or charge
Further advance, or charge, a second or subsequent loan of money to a mortgagor by a mortgagee, either upon the same security as the original loan was advanced upon, or an additional security, Equity considers the arrears of interest on a mortgagee security converted into principal, by agreement between the parties, as a further advance.Although the tacking of a third or subsequent mortgage has been abolished by the Law of Property Act, 1925, s. 94, that s. has expressly preserved the right to tack a further advance by a prior mortgage so that the advance may rank in priority to subsequent mortgages, even if the further advance was made with notice of a subsequent mortgage or charge in cases where the mortgage imposes an obligation to make further advances. Where the mortgage is to secure a current account or any other further advances, notice of an intervening charge will postpone the further advance to that charge but (by way of exception) in this case notice will not be imputed to t...
Renewal of lease
Renewal of lease, a re-grant of an expiring lease for a further term. Where a lease contains a covenant by the lessor for renewal, this convenant is commonly subject to the condition that the covenants in the lease shall have been performed by the lessee, and this condition is strongly enforced by the Court, Finch v. Underwood, (1876) 2 Ch D 310.Leases may be surrendered in order to be renewed, without a surrender of under-leases, by virtue of the (English) Landlord and Tenant Act, 1730 (4 Geo. 2, c. 28), s. 6, before which Act a surrender of each under-lease was necessary.As to covenants for perpetual renewal, see Wynn v. Conway Corporation, (1914) 2 Ch 705, and cases there referred to.By the (English) Law of Property Act, 1922, s. 145, and 15th Sch., perpetually renewable leases have, from the 1st January, 1926, been converted into terms of 2,000 years from the date of the commen-cement of the existing term. The conversion is without prejudice to the covenants and conditions of the l...
VerbarNova
A star which suddenly increases in brightness thousands of times then fades back to near its original intensity It may appear as a ldquonewrdquo star if its original brightness was too low for routine observation A star which suddenly increases in brightness to many millions of times its original intensity is a supernova and the postulated mechanisms for the increases of brightness of novae and supernovae are different...
Secondary evidence
Secondary evidence, Secondary evidence means and includes:(1) Certified copies given under the provisions hereinafter contained;(2) Copies made from the original by mechanical processes which in themselves insure the accuracy of the copy, and copies compared with such copies;(3) Copies made from or compared with the original;(4) Counterparts of documents as against the parties who did not execute them;(5) Oral accounts of the contents of a document given by some person who has himself seen it. [Evidence Act, 1872 (1 of 1872), s. 63]That species of proof which is admitted on the loss of primary evidence. There are no degrees of this evidence; for example, if a letter be lost it may be as good as recite it from memory as to produce a copy. It is the province of the judge to decide whether a document produced be original or not, and until he decides it is not, no secondary evidence can be put in. See NOTICE TO ADMIT; NOTICE TO PRODUCE; HEARSAY....
Forcible detainer
Forcible detainer, refusing to restore another's goods, after sufficient amends tendered, the original taking having been lawful; for which injury the remedy usually resorted to was trover (q.v.). But if the original taking were unlawful it is a criminal offence against the public peace, and a misdemeanour, punishable by imprisonment and ransom at the pleasure of the Crown, 4 Bl. Com. 148.The wrongful retention of possession of property by one originally in lawful possession, often with threats or actual use of violence, Black's Law Dictionary, 7th Edn....
District Judge
District Judge, includes, among other, an additional district judge, State of West Bengal v. Nripendranath Bagchi AIR 1966 SC 447: (1966) 1 SCR 771.See State of Assam v. Kuseswar Saikia, AIR 1970 SC 1616.District Judge shall mean the Judge of a principal Civil Court of original Jurisdiction, but shall not include a High Court in the exercise of its ordinary or extraordinary original civil jurisdiction. [General Clauses Act, 1897, s. 3(17)]--Means the Judge of a principal civil court of original jurisdiction. [Succession Act, 1925 (39 of 1925), s. 2(bb)]...
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