Nucleic Acid - Law Dictionary Search Results

Home Dictionary Name: nucleic acid

deoxyribonucleic acid

a nucleic acid usually of very high molecular weight consisting of a linear sequence of monomer units of deoxyribonucleotides occurring in most organisms in pairs of strands wound together in the form of a double helix it is the main component of chromosomes and contains the genetic information which is the basis of heredity transmitted from parent to progeny and found in all living organisms except for certain viruses which have RNA as their basic genetic material usually referred to by the acronym DNA...

frameshift

of pertaining to or causing a type of mutation consisting of the insertion or deletion of one or more nucleotides in the nucleic acid structure of a gene when the number of base pairs inserted or deleted is not a multiple of three If the addition or deletion occurs in multiples of three the unaffected nucleotides in the genome remain in the proper order frame to be correctly translated into protein in such cases of insertions or deletions not causing a frame shift a functional though altered protein may be produced by the organism Frameshift mutations cause more profound changes in the composition of the protein resulting from translation of the mutated gene...

nucleic acid

A natural or synthetic polymer consisting of chains of ribonucleotide or deoxyribonucleotide units...

Nuclein

A constituent of the nuclei of all cells containing protein and nucleic acid It is a colorless amorphous substance readily soluble in alkaline fluids and especially characterized by its comparatively large content of phosphorus It also contains nitrogen and sulphur...

nucleoside

A type of molecule found in all living organisms present mostly in chemically combined form as a component of nucleic acids and also in smaller amounts in free form consisting of a pentose sugar bound to a purine or pyrimidine base two types of nucleoside ribonucleoside and deoxyribonucleoside are present The most common bases present in nucleosides are adenine cytosine uracil guanine and thymine and to a lesser extent hypoxanthine and other bases are found The most commmon ribonucleosides composed from these bases are called adenosine cytidine uridine and guanosine The forms esterified with orthophosphoric at the 5 position of the pentose are called nucleotides The nucleotides form the monomer units which are combined into DNA and RNA which carry the genetic information required for reproduction in all known organisms...

Prion

any of several types of protein particle lacking nucleic acid believed to be the cause of certain slow developing infectious diseases such as scapie in sheep and Creutzfeldt Jakob disease and Kuru in humans...

carboxylic acid

an organic compound whose acidity is due to the presence of a carboxyl gorup Monocarboxylic acids such as acetic acid or butyric acid have one carboxyl group dicarboxylic acids such as oxalic acid or malonic acid have two tricarboxylic acids such as citric acid have three...

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