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Office of profit

of nomination papers and who was drawing a honorarium was not holding an office of profit, Umrao Singh v. Yeshwant Singh, AIR 1970 Raj 134 (141). [Constitution of India, Art. 102(1)(a)] It need not be in the

Maintenance

assisting either party with money or otherwise to prosecute or defend it; both actionable and indictable [see Bradlaugh v. Newdegate, (1883) 11 QBD 1], and invalidates contracts involving it. By the Roman Law it was a species

Estoppel

be denied. It is of three kinds:- (1) By matter of record, which imports such absolute and incontrovertible verity, that no person against whom it is producible shall be permitted to aver against it. A record concludes

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Regulation

not dehors the context, and thus regulation also includes a power to levy, Saurashtra Cement and Chemical Industries v. Union of India, AIR 2001 SC 8. [See Constitution of India, Sch. 7, List 1, Entry 54; Mines

Benefice

Benefice [fr. beneficium, M. Lat., a kindness], an ecclesiastical living and promotion, a rectory or vicarage: all church preferments except bishoprics; also a fief in the feudal system. See s. 13(1) of the (English)

Chattels or catals

consists for the most part in the fixity or non-fixity of their duration. It is the latter property, viz., uncertainty of duration, that characterizes a freehold; it is the former, certainty, that characterizes a chattel real or

Nuisance

highest degree of care was used to prevent in nuisance when conforming with the statute (see Manchester Corporation v. Farnsworth, 1930 AC 171), but see (English) Railway Fires Act, 1905 (5 Edw. 7, c. 11), as to

Public authority

transactions for the benefit of the public and not for private profit, Halsbury's Laws of England, 3rd Edn., Vol. 30, p. 682. Means any authority or body established or con-stituted,-- (i) by or under the Constitution; (ii)

Good faith

assist or act in furtherance of a fraudulent or otherwise unlawful scheme'. (see WORDS AND PHRASES, Permanent Edition, Vol. 18-A, page 91). Although the meaning of 'good faith' may vary in the context of different statutes, subjects

Tax

the State. Taxes are either direct or indirect. A direct tax is one that is demanded from the very persons who are intended or desired to pay it. Indirect taxes are those which are demanded from one

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