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Home Dictionary Name: main office Page: 2Masters of the Supreme Court
Masters of the Supreme Court, in the King's Bench Division, officials, seven in number, deriving their title from the (English) Jud. (Officers) Act, 1879 (see now Jud. Act, 1925, ss. 106, 122, Sched. III., Part I.), and filling the places of the Masters of the Common Law Courts, the King's Coroner and Attorney, the Master of the Crown Office, the two Record and Writ Clerks, and the three Associates. Their jurisdiction is mainly to hear summonses for directions (see DIRECTIONS, SUMMONS FOR), to supervise pleadings, and decide as to discovery. There are also Masters in the Chancery Division who have succeeded to the position and powers of the Chief Clerks of the Chancery judges, the title of 'Master of the Supreme Court' having been substituted for that of 'Chief Clerk in 1897. Under the present system there are three sets of Chancery Chambers, each with four Masters and attached to two judges. The duties of the Masters are to hear summonses for directions, take accounts and answer inqui...
Coalition government
Coalition government, by a coalition of parties. Chambers Concise, 20th Century Dictionary, Davidson, Seaton and Simpson, p. 184.is by a coalition of parties formed when political parties unite to secure majority in Parliament over other groups, Office of the Speaker in the Parliaments of Commonwealth, Wilding and Philip Laundry, p. 140....
Preferential voting
A system of voting as at primaries in which the voters are allowed to indicate on their ballots their preference usually their first and second choices between two or more candidates for an office so that if no candidate receives a majority of first choices the one receiving the greatest number of first and second choices together in nominated or elected...
Principal
Highest in rank authority character importance or degree most considerable or important chief main as the principal officers of a Government the principal men of a state the principal productions of a country the principal arguments in a case...
quorum
quorum [Middle English, a select number of English justices of the peace formerly required to be present at sessions to constitute a lawful bench, from Latin, of whom, genitive plural of qui who; from the wording of the commission once issued to justices of the peace in England] : the number (as a majority) of members or officers that must be present to conduct business [lacked a at the meeting of shareholders] ...
National insurance
National insurance. The (English) National Insur-ance Act, 1911 (1 & 2 Geo. 5, c. 55), introduced by Mr. Lloyd George, established a wide system of compulsory state insurance covering both ill-health and unemployment, which is based upon premiums contributed in part by the employer, in part by the employee, and in part by the State. The Act consisted of three parts, the first dealing with National Health Insurance, the second with Unemployment Insurance, and the third contained miscellaneous provisions. This Act remained the basis of National Health Insurance, although the subject of very extensive amendment, until the National Health Insurance Act, 1924, consolidated the law. The law has been consolidated again by the (English) National Health Insurance Act, 1936 (26 Geo. 5, and 1 Edw. 8, c. 32), amends and repeals the whole of the Acts passed in 1920, 1922, 1924 and 1928. The arrangement is as follows:-Part I. Insured Persons and Contributions.Part II. Benefits.Part III. Approved Soc...
Intoxicating liquor
Intoxicating liquor, the word 'intoxicating liquor' is not confined to potable liquor alone but would include all liquor which contain alcohol. Liquor should not only cover alcoholic liquor which is generally used for beverage purposes wand produce intoxication but would also include liquids containing alcohol, State of U.P. v. Synthetics and Chemicals Ltd., AIR 1980 SC 614: (1980) 2 SCR 531: (1980) 2 SCC 441. [Constitution of India, List II, 7th Sch., Entry 8]See also Synthetics and Chemicals Ltd. v. State of Uttar Pradesh, (1990) 1 SCC 109.Intoxicating liquors. The sale of intoxicating liquors by retail in England and Wales is now mainly regulated by the Licensing (Consolidation) Act, 1910 (10 Edw. 7 & 1 Geo. 5, c. 24), which repealed (see Sched. VII.) the whole or part of thirteen earlier Acts. The effect of this statute is shortly as follows:-1. Grant of Licence.--Defining 'intoxicating liquor' as meaning 'spirits, wine, beer, porter, cider, perry, and sweets, and any fermented, di...
Explanation
Explanation, an 'explanation' merely widens the scope of the main s. and is not meant to carve out a particular exception to the contents of the main s., Sonia Bhatia v. State of Uttar Pradesh, AIR 1981 SC 1274 (1282).In British Parliament a member is allowed to make personal explanation with the prior permission of the speaker in respect of his conduct or alleged misrepresentation in debate. The member has to intimate speaker what he proposes to say by way of personal explanation. General arguments or debate is not permissible. Personal explanation is allowed on the premise that member makes it in goodfaith, abuse of this right by a member constitutes grave contempt of Parliament, the office of the Speaker in the Parliaments of Common-wealth Wilding and Philip Laundy, p. 560.Is a mutual defining of terms to clear up a misunderstanding or settle a dispute, Webster American Dictionary, p. 408.In a Parliament, a statement made by a member explaining his conduct in regard to a particular ...
Entrenched clause
Entrenched clause, is a section in the Constitution of some of the Commonwealth countries which can only be repealed or altered by special process and which deals with matters like the liberties of the subject, fundamental institutions of government etc., a number of the newer Commonwealth countries have included entrenched clauses in their Constitutions. The process of amending entrenched clauses varies with each Constitution and may involve a popular referendum, a fixed Parliamentary majority of two-thirds or more a system of delayed legislation or a combination of two or more such factors, Office of Speaker in the Parliaments of Commonwealth, Wilding and Philip Laundry, p. 250.Any amendment of the Constitution necessitated by a legislation by Parliament to: (a) admit or establish a new State; (b) form a new State by separation of territories from any State or by uniting two or more States etc., and (c) abolish or create the legislative Council of State, is not deemed to be an amendm...
Marriage
Marriage. Marriage as understood in Christendom is the voluntary union for life of one man and one woman, to the exclusion of all others, Hyde v. Hyde, 1866 LR 1 P&D 130. Where a marriage in a foreign country complies with these requirements it is immaterial that under the local law dissolution can be obtained by mutual consent or at the will of either party with merely formal conditions of official registration, and it constitutes a valid marriage according to English law, Nachimson v. Nachimson, 1930, P. 217. Previous to 1753 the validity of marriage was regulated by ecclesiastical law, not touched by any statutory nullity but modified by the Common law Courts, which sometimes interfered with the Ecclesiastical Courts, by prohibition, sometimes themselves decide on the validity of a marriage, presuming a marriage in fact as opposed to lawful marriage. A religious ceremony by an ordained clergyman was essential to a lawful marriage, at all events for dower and heirship; but if in an i...
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