Lr - Law Dictionary Search Results
Home Dictionary Name: lrConsideration
Consideration. Any act of the promisee (the person claiming the benefit of an obligation) from which the promisor (the person burdened with the obligation) or a stranger derives a benefit or advantage, or any labour detriment or inconvenience sustained or suffered by the promisee at the request, express or implied, of the promisor. See Laythoarp v. Bryant, 3 Scott 250; 2 Wms. Saund 137 h; Currie v. Misa, (1875) LR 10 Exch 153.Consideration is one of the facts which the courts require as evidence of intention, (a) that a person intends his promise to be binding on him, or (b) that he intends to divest himself of a beneficial interest in property. In its widest sense consideration is the price, motive or inducement for a promise or for a transfer of property from one person to another. The nature or quality of the consideration which will be sufficient for these purposes varies with the nature of the transaction and in the absence of consideration the Courts will, except in the case of s...
Marriage
Marriage. Marriage as understood in Christendom is the voluntary union for life of one man and one woman, to the exclusion of all others, Hyde v. Hyde, 1866 LR 1 P&D 130. Where a marriage in a foreign country complies with these requirements it is immaterial that under the local law dissolution can be obtained by mutual consent or at the will of either party with merely formal conditions of official registration, and it constitutes a valid marriage according to English law, Nachimson v. Nachimson, 1930, P. 217. Previous to 1753 the validity of marriage was regulated by ecclesiastical law, not touched by any statutory nullity but modified by the Common law Courts, which sometimes interfered with the Ecclesiastical Courts, by prohibition, sometimes themselves decide on the validity of a marriage, presuming a marriage in fact as opposed to lawful marriage. A religious ceremony by an ordained clergyman was essential to a lawful marriage, at all events for dower and heirship; but if in an i...
Foreign award
Foreign award, an award in pursuance of an arbitration agreement governed by India Law, if the conditions under s. 44 are satisfied, will not cease to be a foreign award, merely because the arbitration agreement is governed by the law of India, Centrotrade Minerals & Metal Inc. v. Hindustan Copper Ltd., 2006 (2) R.A.J. 531: 2006 (5) JT 507: 2006 (5) SCALE 535: 2006 (6) Supreme 519: 2006 (4) SCJ 217: 2006 (7) SCJD 112: 2006 (20 Arb LR 547. [Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996, s. 44 & 2(e)]An award made outside India, even if governed by Indian Law, may be a foreign award but it must satisfy two conditions, viz., that it is made (i) in pursuance of an agreement in writing for arbitration to which the New York Convention applies, and (ii) in one of such territories which the Central Government has notified in the Official Gazette to be a territory to which the New York Convention applies, Centrotrade Minerals & Metal Inc. v. Hindustan Copper Ltd., 2006 (2) R.A.J. 531: 2006 (5) JT 507:...
Power
Power, in respect of court the word 'power' means an authority expressly or impliedly conferred on the court by law to do that which without that sanction it could not have done, consent cannot give jurisdiction, K.E. v. Vithu, (1899) 1 Bom LR 157.Power, is an authority reserved by, or limited to, a person to dispone, either wholly or partially, of movable or immovable property, either for his own benefit or for that of others. The word is used as a technical term and is distinct from the dominion which a man has over his own estate by virtue of ownership, Stroud's Judicial Dictionary.Power, is not synonymous with jurisdiction, K.E. v. Vithu, (1899) 1 Bom LR 157.Power, may be general or implied. The general powers are such as the donee can exercise in favour of such person or persons as he pleases, including himself, Mahadeo Ramchandra v. Damodar Vishwanath, AIR 1957 Bom 218.Means any form of energy which is not generated by human or animal agency. [The Gujarat Lifts and Escalators Act...
Recruitment
Recruitment, 'recruitment' according to the dictionary means 'enlist'. It is a comprehensive term and includes any method provided for inducting a person in public service. Appointment, selection, promotion, deputation are all well-known methods of recruitment. Even appointment by transfer is not unknown, K. Narayanan v. State of Karnataka, AIR 1994 SC 55: (1994) Supp 1 SCC 44.The term 'recruitment' connotes and clearly signifies enlistment, acceptance, selection or approval for appointment. Certainly, this is not actual appointment or posting in service. In contradistinction the word 'appointment' means an actual act of posting a person to a particular office, Prafulla Kumar Swain v. Prakash Chandra Misra, (1993) Supp 3 SCC 181.It includes entering into any agreement or other arrangement for recruitment and all its grammatical variations and cognate expressions shall be construed accordingly. [Inter-State Migrant Workmen (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, 1979, ...
Ballot
Ballot [fr. balla, Ital.; balle, Fr.], a little ball or ticket used in giving votes.Means a small ball or ticket used for indicating a vote; the system of choosing persons for office by marking a paper or by drawing papers with names on them from a receptacle; the formal record of a person's vote, Black Law Dictionary, 7th Edn., p. 138.Means a system of voting involving secret votes, Monsanto PLC v. TGWU, (1987) 1 All ER 358; Post Office v. UCW, (1990) 3 All ER 199.Means small ball, ticket or paper used in secret voting, Oxford Concise Dictionary, p. 89.Means a ticket, paper, etc., by which a vote is registered, Webster Dictionary of Law, p. 113.Means drawing of lots used in Parliament to determine the precedence among members desiring a share of Parliamentary time available for certain kinds of business, Parliamentary Dictionary, L.A. Abraham and S.C. Hawtrey, (1956), p. 21.Ballot, in House of Commons ballots are held to allot the limited available in Parliament to private members, Pa...
Cause of action
Cause of action, a cause of action is a bundle of facts which are required to be pleaded and proved for the purpose of obtaining relief claimed in the suit. For the aforementioned purpose, the material facts are required to be stated but not the evidence except in certain cases where the pleading relied on any misrepresentation, fraud, breach of trust, wilful default or undue influence, Liverpool & London S.P. & I Assocn. v. M.V. Sea Success, (2004) 9 SCC 512 (562). [Civil Procedure Code, 1908, O. 7, R. 11(9)]--It is only that court in whose jurisdiction the 'cause of action' did arise will have Jurisdiction to entertain an application either under section 9 or under section 11 of the Act (Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996); Indian Iron and Steel Company Ltd. Kolkata v. Tiwari Roadlines, Hyderabad, AIR 2006 AP 1.Means every fact which it is necessary to establish to support a right to obtain a judgment, Prem Chand Vijay Kumar v. Yashpal Singh, (2005) 4 SCC 417.Is a bundle of facts...
Caveat actor
Caveat actor. The Criminal Law of England supposes that a man intends the natural and probable consequences of his act. But in civil matters there is no rule of common law that a man 'acts at his peril,' except the case of one who harbours or collects a dangerous thing, or anything likely to do mischief if it escapes, Rylands v. Fletcher, (1866) LR 1 Ex. 265; (1868) LR 3 HL 330; with that exception in which nothing short of an act of God, or the victim's default, will excuse him, if a person suffers injury he must found his action either on contract or tort, e.g., trespass or negligence on the part of the defendant. This is the theory of the law, though in practice a very small amount of malice or negligence will suffice. See Malice and Res Ipsa Loquitur.Let the doer, or actor, beware, Black's Law Dictionary, 7th Edn., p. 215....
Chancel
Chancel, the part of a church in which the communion table stands; it belongs to the rector or the impropriator, 2 Br. & Had.Com. 420. As to a pew in a chancel, see Parker v. leach, (1866) LR 1 PC 312; and as to propertyin a chancel generally, see Champman v. Jones, (1869) LR 4 Ex 273; Duke of Norfolk v. Arbuthnot, (1880) 5 CPD 390. For the liability to repair a chacel, see the Ecclesiastical Dilapidations Measure, 1923 (14 & 15 Geo. 5, No. 3), s. 52, and the Chancel Repairs Act, 1932 (22 Geo. 5, c. 20)....
Communion, Holy
Communion, Holy. As to the doctrine and practice of the Church of England in reference to the celebration of the Holy Communion, see Sheppard v. Bennett, (1870) LR 3 Ad & Ec 167; LR 4 PC 350 (371); Read v. Bishop of Lincoln, (1891) 9; 1892 AC 644, and the authorities there referred to. As to the right of the clergyman to repel from Holy Communion, see Rex v. Dibdin, (1910) 57; 1912 AC 533....
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