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Home Dictionary Name: london Page: 8Ad medium filum vi' (aqu')
Ad medium filum vi' (aqu') [filum, a thread, Lat.], an imaginary line in the centre of a road or river. The soil of a highway, and the bed of a non-tidal river, are presumed to belong to the owners of the adjacent lands usque ad medium filum vi', or aqu'; and accordingly where in a conveyance of land it is said to be bounded by a highway or a river, half of the road or half of the bed of the river passes to the grantee, unless a contrary intention is shown; see Micklethwait v. Newlay Bridge Co., (1886) 33 CD 133, and City of London Land Tax Commissioners v. Central London Railway, 1913 AC 364. The presumption does not apply to a railway that is a boundary, Thompson v. Hickman, (1907) 1 Ch 550....
Flat cap
A kind of low crowned cap formerly worn by all classes in England and continued in London after disuse elsewhere hence a citizen of London...
Administrative Counties
Administrative Counties. The divisions of the counties of York, Lincoln, Sussex, Suffolk, and Northampton, the county of London, the sixty-one 'county boroughs,' and the other counties of England and Wales, except such parts of them as are not included in London or the country boroughs, form separate 'administrative counties' of themselves for the purpose of managing, through county councils, the administrative business (see COUNTY COUNCIL) of their respective areas. Local Government Act, 1933, s. 1....
Allowance
Allowance [fr. locare, Lat.; allocare, allogare, It.; alogar, Prov.; louer, allouer, Fr., to place or assign], a deduction, an average payment, a portion.Also in selling goods, or in paying duties upon them, certain deductions are made from their weights, depending on the nature of the packages in which they are inclosed, and which are regulated in most instances by the custom of merchants, and the rules laid down by public offices. These allowances, as they are termed are distinguished by the epithets draft, tare, tret, and cloff.Draft is a deduction from the original or gross weight of goods, and is substracted before the tare is taken off.Tare is an allowance for the weight of the bag, box, cask, or other package in which goods are weighed.Real, or open tare, is the actual weight of the package.Customary tare is, as its name implies, an established allowance for the weight of the package.Computed tare is an estimated allowance agreed upon at the time.Average tare is when a few packa...
Appearance
Appearance, means a coming into court as a party or interested person, or as a lawyer on behalf of a party or interested person, Black Law Dictionary, 7th Edn., p. 95.An appearance may be expressly made by formal written or oral declaration, or record entry, or it may be implied from some act done with the intention of appearing and submitting to the court's jurisdiction. 4 Am. Jur. 2d Appearance 1, at 620 (1995).Means physical appearance and not appearance through advocate, State of West Bengal v. Pranab Ranjan Roy, (1998) 3 SCC 209. [Criminal Procedure Code, 1973, ss. 167(5)(ii), 436 & 437]The word appearance is capable of having different connotations, when it is employed in different contexts. For instance where the summons or the notice issued to a party, at the initial stage, in civil proceedings, requires his appearance, it can certainly be through a recognized agent or counsel, as provided for under sub-rule (1) of Rule 1 of Order III of Civil Procedure Code. However, where the...
Art unions
Art unions, 'voluntary associations for the purchase of paintings, drawings, and other works of art to be distributed by chance or otherwise amongst the members.' So defined by the Art Union Act, 1846 (9 & 10 Vict. c. 48), which legalizes the distribution by chance (provided a royal charter incorporating the association shall have been obtained), which would otherwise be illegal under the Lottery Act. As to the rules of the Art Union of London, see Savoy Overseers v. Art Union of London, 1896 AC 296....
Asylums Board
Asylums Board. The Metropolitan Asylums Board, constituted under the (English) Metropolitan Poor Act, 1867, dealt with the administration relating to cases of insanity (inter alia) among the poor in London. The Lancashire Asylums Board, established by the Lancashire County Council under statutory powers, carried out similar duties in Lancashire. These boards and their powers were transferred to the London County Council or the respective local authorities by the Local Government Act, 1928 (19 & 20 Geo. 5, c. 17)....
Bill-stickers
Bill-stickers. See (English) Metropolis Management Act, 1862 (25 & 26 Vict. c. 102), for penalty for defacing property of metropolitan vestry, and, therefore, of London borough council; and English Metropolitan Police Act, 1839 (2 & 3 Vict. c. 47), s. 54, sub-s. 10, for penalty for affixing bill on any London building without the consent of the owner or occupier; as to bill-sticking on Post Office property, see Post Office Act,1908....
Bills of mortality
Bills of mortality, returns of the deaths which occur within a certain district.It was with the view of communicating to the inhabitants of London, to the Court, and the constituted authorities of the city, accurate information respecting the increase or decrease in the number of deaths and the casualties of mortality occurring amongst them, that the bills of mortality were commenced in London after a visitation of the plague in 1592, but they were not continued uninterruptedly until the occurrence of another plague in 1603, from which period, up to the present time, they have been continued from week to week; excepting during the Great Fire, when the deaths of two or three weeks were given in one bill.In 1605, the parishes comprised within the bills of mortality included the 97 parishes within the walls, 16 parishes without the walls, and six contiguous out-parishes in Middlesex and Surrey.In 1626, the city of Westminster was included in the bills; in 1636, the parishes of Islington, ...
Broker
Broker [fr. broceur, Fr., a person who breaks into small pieces], (1) an agent employed to make bargains and contracts between other persons in matters of trade, commerce and navigation, by explaining the intentions of both parties, and negotiating in such a manner as to put those who employ him in a condition to treat together personally; (2) and, more commonly, an agent employed by one party only to make a binding contract with another.There are various sorts of brokers now employed in commercial affairs, whose transactions form, or may form, a distinct and independent business. Thus, for example, there are exchange and money-brokers, stock-brokers, ship-brokers, and insurance-brokers, who are respectively employed in buying and selling bills of exchange, or promissory notes, railway scrip, goods, stocks, ships, or cargoes; or in procuring freights or charter-parties. By custom or usage brokers may become personally liable on contracts made by them on behalf of principals where the p...
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