Libel - Law Dictionary Search Results
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Article [articulus, Lat.], a complaint exhibited in the Ecclesiastical Court by way of libel. The different parts of a libel, responsive allegation, or counter allegation in the Ecclesiastical Courts.Means (as respects standardisation and marking) any substance, artificial or natural, or partly artificial or partly natural, whether raw or partly or wholly processed or manufactured. [Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 (63 of 1986), s. 2 (a)]An article of the Constitution. [Representation of the People Act, 1950 (43 of 1950), s. 2 (a)]Any article of manufacture and any substance, artificial, or partly artificial and partly natural; and includes any part of an article capable of being made and sold separately. [Designs Act, 2000 (16 of 2000), s. 2 (a)]A machine is a tangible thing which can both be seen and felt and as such it answers the description of an 'article' within the meaning of s. 2(b) (iii) of the Act, Zaffar Mohd v. State of West Bengal, AIR 1976 SC 171 (172). [Drugs and Mag...
Libelli famosi
Libelli famosi, scurrilous publications of a libellous nature. See LIBEL....
Measure of damage
Measure of damage, the test which determines the amount of damages to the given. The general rule in English law is that in contract the measure of damage is the actual loss to the plaintiff, and in tort the compensation to the plaintiff for the loss or damage which it may be supposed be has suffered directly as a natural consequence of the act complained of. The exception is those ases where vindictive or exemplary damages can be given, e.g., libel, slander, violence, malice, cruelty, or breach of promise of marriage. The actual loss cannot always be recovered, as the whole or a portion of the loss may be too remote to be the natural and probable consequence of that which constitutes the cause of action, and this will most frequently occur in actions of tort. Though unable to prove actual loss, a plaintiff may sometimes be entitled to nominal damages, e.g., breach of an agreement to lend money. In actions of contract, the market-price of the subject-matter at the date the contract is ...
Malice
Malice [fr. malitia, Lat.], a formed design of doing mischief to another, technically called malitia pr'cogitata, or malice prepense or aforethought. It is either express, as when one with a sedate and deliberate mind and formed design kills another, which formed design is evidenced by certain circumstances discovering such intentions, as lying in wait, antecedent menaces, former grudges, and concerted schemes to do him some bodily harm; or implied, as where one wilfully poisons another; in such a deliberate act the law presumes malice, though no particular enmity can be proved. The nature of implied malice is also illustrated by the maxim, 'Culpa lata dolo 'quiparatur'-when negligence reaches a certain point it is the same as intentional wrong-'Every one must be taken to intend that which his the natural consequence of his actions'-if any one acts in exactly the same way as he would do it he bore express malice to another, he cannot be allowed to say he does not, 4 Steph. Com.'Malice ...
Inveniens libellum famosum et non corrumpens punitur
Inveniens libellum famosum et non corrumpens punitur [Lat.], he who meets with a notorious libel, and does not destroy it, is punished....
Libellee
Libellee, the suitor-defendant against whom a libel has been filed....
Libellant
Libellant, the suitor-plaintiff who files a libel in an ecclesiastical case....
Injunction
Injunction, Expression 'injunction' in s. 41(b) is not qualified by an adjective and, therefore, it would, comprehend both interim and perpetual injunc-tion, Cotton Corporation of India v. United Industries Ltd., AIR 1983 SC 1272 (1277): (1983) 4 SCC 625. [Specific Relief Act, 1963, s. 41(b)]This is the discretionary process of preventive and remedial justice, whereby a person is required to refrain from doing a specified meditated wrong, not amounting to a crime. It is either (1) inter-locutory, i.e., provisional or temporary, until the coming in of the defendant's answer, or until the hearing of the cause; or (2) perpetual, i.e., forming part of a decree made at a hearing upon the merits, whereby the defendant is perpetually inhibited from the assertion of a right, or perpetually res-trained from the commission of an act contrary to equity and good conscience. As to mandatory injunctions, see post.See Specific Relief Act, 1963 (47 of 1963), s. 37.Prior to the Judicature Act injunctio...
H'retico comburendo, De
H'retico comburendo, De, an ancient common law writ against a heretic, who having been convicted of heresy by the bishop, abjured it, and afterwards fell into the same again, or some other, and was thereupon delivered over to the secular power in order that he might be burnt to death.-See Fitz. N.B. 269; Lely's Church of England Position, 179; 2 Hen. 4, c. 15; 1 & 2 P. & M. c. 6; 31 Hen. 8, c. 14. By 1 Eliz. c. 1, s. 6, all statutes relating to heresy were repealed, though somehow two men were burnt in her reign and two under James I. by 29 Car. 2, c. 9, s. 1, the writ de h'retico comburendo was abolished, but with a saving for the jurisdiction of Protestant archbishops or bishops or any other judges of any ecclesiastical courts to punish, according to his Majesty's ecclesiastical laws, 'atheism, blasphemy, heresy, or schism and other damnable doctrines and opinions by excommunication, deprivation, degradation, and other ecclesiastical censures not extending to death'in such sort and n...
Not guilty
Not guilty, a plea by way of traverse which occurred in actions of trespass, libel, or other tort, and amounted to a denial only of the breach of duty or wrongful act alleged to have been committed by the defendant; this was called pleading the 'general issue.' See PLEADING.The plea of not guilty, jin criminal proceedings, is the proper form wherever a prisoner means either to deny or justify the charge in the indictment; the effect of which plea is, that on the one hand, it puts the prosecutor to the proof of every material fact alleged in the indictment or information, and on the other it entitles the defendant to avail himself of any defensive circumstances as amply as if he had pleaded them in a specific form....
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