Legislative Competence - Law Dictionary Search Results
Home Dictionary Name: legislative competence Page: 2Colourable legislation
Colourable legislation, the doctrine of colourable legislation does not involve any question of bona fides or mala fides on the part of the legislature. The whole doctrine resolves itself into the question of competency of a particular legislature to enact a particular law. If the legislature is competent to pass a particular law, the motives which impelled it to act are really irrelevant. On the other hand, if the legislature lacks competency, the question of motive does not arise at all. Whether a statute is constitutional or not is thus always a question of power. The idea conveyed by the expression is that although apparently a legislature in passing a statute purported to act within the limits of its powers, yet in substance and in reality it transgressed these powers, the transgression being veiled by what appears, on proper examination, to be a mere pretense or disguise, K.C. Gajapathi Narayan Deo v. State, (1954) SCR 1: AIR 1953 SC 375. See also Gullapalli Nageswara Rao v. Andh...
Competent authority
Competent authority, means (i) the speaker in the case of the House of the people or the legislative Assembly of a State or a Union Territory having such Assembly and the Chairman in case of the council of Staff or legislative Council of a State (ii) Chief Justice of India in case of Supreme Court, (iii) Chief Justice of the High Court in the case of the High Court (iv) the President or the Governor, as the case may be, in the case of other authorities established or constituted by or under the Constitution, (v) the administrator appointed under Article 239 of the Constitution. [Right to Information Act, 2005 (22 of 2005) s. 2(e)]Means any authority authorised by the Central Government by notification in the Official Gazette to perform all or any of the functions of the competent authority under this Act. [Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986 (61 of 1986), s. 2 (d)]Means, in relation to the United Kingdom, the CAA, and in relation to any other country the authority respo...
Pith and substance
Pith and substance, as per this doctrine, the question whether an impugned law would relate to the subject-matter within jurisdiction of one legislature or the other is decided by the substance or the real scope of the impugned law and the subject-matter to which it really relates, and not by the label the Legislature has given to it, Commentary on the Constitution of India, Durga Das Basu, 6th Edn., Vol. C, p. 43; State of Rajasthan v. V.G. Chowla, AIR 1959 SC 544; Sajjan Singh v. State of Rajasthan, AIR 1985 SC 845.Pith and Substance, is a doctrine relating to the interpretation of statutes; evolved by the Privy Council, to solve the problem of competitive legislatures, Gallaghar v. Lynm, (1937) AC 863; Prafulla Kumar v. Bank of Commerce, AIR 1947 SC 28.Pith and substance, once a law 'in pith and substance' falls within a legislative entry, an incidental encroachment on an entry in another list does not affect its validity, Gallagher v. Lynn., (1937) AC 863 (PC).When there is a confl...
Colourable
Colourable, 'Colour', according to Black's Legal Dictionary, is 'an appearance, semblance or simulacrum, as distinguished from that which is real.... a deceptive appearance.... a lack of reality'. A thing is colourable which is, in appearance only and not in reality, what it purports to be. In Indian terms, it is maya. In the jurisprudence of power, colourable exercise of or fraud on legislative power or, more frightfully, fraud on the Constitution, are expressions which merely mean that the legislature is incompetent to enact a particular law although the label of competency is stuck on it, and then it is colourable legislation, R.S. Joshi v. Ajit Mills Limited (1977) 4 SCC 98: (1978) 1 SCR 338: AIR 1977 SC 2279 (2286). (Constitution of India, Art. 246)...
Ignorance of law is no excuse
Ignorance of law is no excuse, The maxim 'ignor-ance of law is no excuse' cannot be carried to the extent of saying that every person must be presumed to know that a piece of legislation enacted by a legislature if competent jurisdiction must be held to be invalid, in case it prescribes a differential treatment, and he must therefore, refuse to submit to it or incur the peril of the bar of waiver being raised against him, Basheshar Nath v. CIT, AIR 1959 SC 149 (172)....
Law in force
Law in force, a law cannot be said to be in force unless it is brought into operation by legislative enactment, or by the exercise of authority by a delegate empowered to bring it into operation. The theory of a statute being in operation in a constitutional sense though it is not in fact in operation has, no validity, State of Orissa v. Chandra Shekhar Singh Bhoi, (1969) 2 SCC 334: AIR 1970 SC 398 (401). [Constitution of India, Art. 13]--the words 'law in force' as used in article 372 of the Constitution are wide enough to include not merely a legislative enactment but also any regulation or order which has the force of law. Edward Mills Co. Ltd. V State of Ajmer, AIR 1955 SC 25 (31): (1955) 1 SCR 735. [Constitution of India, Art. 372]Sales tax could not be charged on pure silken fabrics by the said State Government on Oct. 31, 1966 merely by virtue of the notification dated Aug. 24, 1966. It was, therefore, not a law in force when the composite State was re-organised. S. 88 of the Pu...
Education
Education. Mr. Forster's Elementary Education Act, 1870 (English) (33 & 34 Vict. c. 75), is the starting point in the history of the provision by legislation of a general system of education. Before this date education had been dealt with either as a series of individual problems in respect of which provisions were made for the education of special classes of persons, or by executive, as opposed to legislative methods, as, for example, by a system of grants in aid. This Act was followed by a series of Acts, known collectively as the Education Acts, 1870 to 1919, which together established a system of free and compulsory elementary education of a non-denominational character. The initial Act established 'school boards' with powers of building and maintaining elementary schools and of regulating the attendance of school children between the ages of 5 and 13. The El. Ed. Act, 1876, declared 'the duty of the parent of every child to cause such child to receive efficient elementary educatio...
Law
Law [fr. lage, lagea, or lah, Sax.; loi, Fr.; legge, Ital.; lex, fr. ligo, Lat., to bind], a rule of action to which men are obliged to make their conduct conformable. A command, enforced by some sanction, to acts or forbearances of a class: see Austin's Jurisprudence; 1 Bl. Com. 38. A principle of conduct may be observed habitually by an individual or a class. When sufficiently formulated or defined to be observed uniformly by the whole of a class it may become a custom; or it may be imposed on all individuals who consent or are unable to resist its application and the sanction or penalty which is imposed for non-compliance, and in that case it becomes a law. If, in addition, the law and its sanction are imposed by, or by authority of a sovereign, the law becomes 'positive' (see Austin's Jurisprudence). Short of positive law the principle may be called a moral or social law. Generally speaking, jurisprudence is concerned only with positive law, and law in its ordinary legal sense mean...
Rule of law
Rule of law, executive instructions cannot override the provisions of law, such a method will destroy the very basis of the rule of law, Muna Lal Jain v. State of Assam, AIR 1962 SC 386.Rule of law, is an absolute supremacy and predominance of regular law as opposed to the influence of arbitrary power; equality before the law or the equal subjection of all classes to the ordinary law courts, constitution is the result of the ordinary law of the land, Introduction to the Study of the Law of Constitution, A.V. Dicey, 2003, pp. 202-203.Means an authoritative legal doctrine, principle or precept applied to the facts of an appropriate case, Wright v. Wright, 904 P 2d 403 (1995).Rule of law, the binding character of judgments pronounced by courts of competent jurisdiction is itself an essential part of the rule of law, and the rule of law obviously is the basis of the administration of justice on which constitution lays emphasis, Daryo v. State of Uttar Pradesh, AIR 1961 SC 1457.Rule of law,...
Joint-tenancy
Joint-tenancy. This tenancy is created where the same interest in real or personal property is, by the act of the party, passed by the same matter of conveyance or claim in solido, and not as merchan-dise, or for purposes of speculation, to two or more persons in the same right, either simply, or by construction or operation of law jointly, with a jus accrescendi, that is, a gradual concentration of property from more to fewer, by the accession of the part of him or them that die to the survivors or survivor, till it passes to a single hand, and the joint-tenancy ceases.Anciently, joint-tenancy was favoured because it did not induce fractions of estates, and returning to early principles the (English) Land Legislation of 1925 has employed the tenure generally as the machinery by which legal estate may in such cases always be in some person, called the estate owner, who is competent to give a title to the whole estate without the concurrence of other parties. that legal estate has been ...
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