Judicial Separation - Law Dictionary Search Results
Home Dictionary Name: judicial separationJudicial separation
Judicial separation, granted either to husband or wife on the ground of adultery, cruelty, rape, sodomy, bestiality, non-compliance with a decree for restitution of conjugal rights, or desertion without cause for two years and upwards [(English) Judicature Act, 1925, s. 185]; also by justices, under the Married Women (Maintenance) Acts, 1895 to 1925, to the wife, on the conviction of the husband of aggravated assault, or on the ground of persistent cruelty, forcing her to live apart from him, or on the ground of his being an habitual drunkard [(English) Licensing Act, 1902,s. 5]; and relief can also be obtained by a husband where the wife is an habitual drunkard (ibid.). Under Maintenance Acts the husband can be ordered to make weekly payments to his wife, which can be enforced by imprisonment [R. v. Richardson, (1909) 2 KB 851], but her judgment creditor cannot obtain equitable execution by the appointment of a receiver of such payments, Paquine v. Snary, (1909) 1 KB 688. See also Sum...
Judicially separated
Judicially separated, According to Shorter Oxford Dictionary, the word judicial means 'of (used as an adjective of) or belonging to judgement in a court of law, or to Judge in relation to his function; pertaining to the administration of justice; proper to a legal tribunal; resulting from or fixed by a judgement in Court'. In the context, therefore, it means an act done in pursuance of an order or direction of a court of competent jurisdiction. It is used in contrast to separate living by agreement of parties or at the intervention of mediators without the intervention of a judicial proceeding in a competent court of law, Jeet Singh v. State of Uttar Pradesh, (1993) 1 SCC 325 (330). [U.P. Imposition of Ceiling on Land Holdings Act, 1960 (1 of 1961), s. 3(7)]...
judicial separation
judicial separation : legal separation ...
Divorce
Divorce [fr. divortium, Lat.], the dissolution of the marriage contract, grantable (after 31st December, 1937) to either a husband or wife under the (English) Matrimonial Causes Act, 1937 (1 Edw. 8 & 1 Geo. 6, c. 51), amending the (English) Judicature Act, 1925, for (a) adultery, (b) desertion for three years preceding petition, (c) cruelty, (d) incurable unsoundness of mind, and, on the wife's petition, for unnatural offences, subject to the statutory provisions. Petitions may not be presented for three years after marriage.Judicial Separation is grantable on any ground available for divorce, or for non-compliance with a decree for restitution of conjugal rights or any former ground for divorce a mensa et thoro (q.v.); divorce may be obtained on proof of facts which have founded a judicial separation or an order under the Summary Jurisdiction Acts, which order may be made for adultery as well as other grounds. See JUDICIAL SEPARATION.Additional grounds for a decree of nullity of marri...
Desertion
Desertion, (1) the criminal offence of abandoning the naval or military service without license. See ss. 12 et seq. of the (English) Army Act, 1881, replacing similar s.s of the (English) annual Mutiny Acts, and Reg. v. Cuming, (1887) 19 QBD 13.Also (2) an abandonment of a wife, a matrimonial offence, for which the remedy is under (English) Judicature Act, 1925, s. 185, by which a sentence of judicial separation may be obtained either by the husband or wife on the ground of desertion, without cause, for two years and upwards; and see (English) Matrimonial Causes Act, 1857 (20 & 21 Vict. c. 85), s. 21, as to orders for the protection of the property of wives deserted by their husbands; and the (English) Summary Jurisdiction (Married Women) Act, 1895 (58 & 59 Vict. c. 39), repealing and re-enacting the (English) Married Women (Maintenance in Case of Desertion) Act, 1886, under which a deserted wife may obtain an order from justices of the peace that the husband pay her such weekly sum, n...
Separation
Separation. If a husband and wife cannot agree so as to carry out the purpose of their union, they may resolve to live apart. A deed of separation, containing the terms and conditions upon which an actual and immediate separation is to be arranged, will be valid, so far as relates to the trusts and covenants of the husband; but if it contemplate a contingent or future separation it is void, a opposed to the policy of marriage, and the well-being of the community.The concurrence of trustees is not essential, and a deed of separation will be binding on the wife as well as the husband, though entered into without the intervention of a trustee, McGregor v. McGregor, (1888) 21 QBD 424; Sweet v. Sweet, (1895) 1 QB 12.The Court will decree specific performance of an agreement to execute a deed of immediate separation if based upon sufficient consideration, Gibbs v. Harding, (1870) LR 5 Ch 336.If after the separation, the husband and wife be reconciled, and live together again, that circumstan...
Husband and wife
Husband and wife. the Common Law treated them, for most purposes, as one person, giving, with exceptions comparatively unimportant, the whole of a woman's property to her husband for his absolute use, and a husband could not make a grant to his wife at the Common Law, though he might do so: (1) under the Statute of Uses, by granting an estate to another person for her use; (2) by creating a trust in her favour; (3) by the custom of particular places; (4) by surrendering copyholds to her use; and (5) by will.Equity, however, from very early times, by the doctrines of 'separate use,' 'trusts,' and 'equity to a settlement,' very largely modified the Common Law in favour of the wife; and the statute law has, by s. 1 of the Law Reform (Married Women and Tortfeasors Act), 1935 (25 & 26 Geo. 5, c. 30), almost completely abolished the property distinction between an unmarried and a married woman. See MARRIED WOMEN'S PROPERTY.At Common Law, a gift of either realty or personal-ity to a husband a...
Adultery
Adultery [ad. Lat., and alter, another person], anciently termed Advowtry (quasi ad alterius thorum). The sin of incontinence between two married persons, or it may be where only one of them is married, in which case it may be called single adultery to distinguish it from the other, which has sometimes been called double.By the (English) Matrimonial Causes Act, 1857, which created a Court for Divorce and Matrimonial Causes (superseding the Ecclesiastical Court) which would grant to the innocent party a divorce a mensa et thoro on the ground of the other's adultery, a husband could obtain a dissolution of his marriage (before that Act, only obtainable and not infrequently obtained by a private Act of Parliament) upon the ground of his wife's adultery, and a wife could obtain a judicial separation on the ground of her husband's adultery, or a dissolution of marriage on the ground of his adultery coupled with cruelty or desertion or bigamy, or of his incestuous adultery, provided there be...
Matrimonial causes
Matrimonial causes, suits for the redress of injuries respecting the rights of marriage. They were formerly a branch of the ecclesiastical jurisdiction, but were transferred to the jurisdiction of the Court for Divorce and Matrimonial Causes (now a branch of the High Court of Justice) by 20 & 21 Vict. c. 85.'Matrimonial cause' now means any action for divorce, nullity of marriage, judicial separation, jactitation of marriage or restitution of conjugal rights. (Judicature Act,1925, s. 225)See CONJUGAL RIGHTS; DIVORCE; NULLITY; ADULTERY; MARRIAGE; JUDICIAL SEPARATION; HUSBAND AND WIFE; and ASSIZES; and consult Browne and Latey on Divorce...
Cruelty
Cruelty, it is contemplated as a conduct of such type which endangers the living of the petitioner with the respondent. Cruelty consists of acts which are dangerous to life, limb or health. Cruelty for the purpose of the Act means where one spouse has so treated the other and manifested such feelings towards her or him as to have inflicted bodily injury , or to have caused reasonable apprehension of bodily injury, suffering or to have injured health. Cruelty may be physical or mental. Mental cruelty is the conduct of other spouse which causes mental suffering or fear to the matrimonial life of the other, Savitri Pandey v. Prem Chandra Pandey, AIR 2002 SC 591 (595): (2002) 2 SCC 73. [Hindu Marriage Act, 1955, s. 13(1)(ia)]Harassment of the woman where such harassment is with a view to coercing her or any person related to her to meet any unlawful demand for any property or valuable security would also constitute cruelty, Shobha Rani v. Modhukar Reddi, (1988) 1 SCC 105: AIR 1988 SC 121 (...
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