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Impair

used in reference to diminishing the value of a contractual obligation to the point that the contract becomes invalid or a party loses the benefit of the contract, Black's Law Dictionary, 7th Edn., p. 754.

Ignorance of law is no excuse

know that a piece of legislation enacted by a legislature if competent jurisdiction must be held to be invalid, in case it prescribes a differential treatment, and he must therefore, refuse to submit to it or incur

Harmonious construction

the sense which would carry out its objects and reject that which renders the exercise of its powers invalid, New India Sugar Mills Ltd. v. Commissioner, Sales Tax, AIR 1963 SC 1207 (1213).

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Directive principles of State Policy

Basu, Vol. 2, p. 307. Are not enforceable by any judicial process; similarly, a law cannot be declared invalid on the ground of now-conformity with directive principles; Courts cannot compel the government to carry out these directives,

Foreign Attachment

(1881) 6 App Cas 393, which exempts corporations from the process, and decides that fictitious summonses render it invalid. These decisions have had the effect of reducing foreign attachment to little more than a subject of historical

Family unit

to be aggregated with the lands of other members of the family unit not because the partition is invalid but because the land held by him, howsoever acquired, is liable to be clubbed with the lands of

Dying intestate

Dying intestate, a person dies intestate either not having made any Will or having made an invalid Will, Manshan v. Tej Ram AIR 1980 SC 558: (1980) Supp SCC 367.

Deed

form, as apparently possessing the external and internal circumstances necessary to its validity, yet it may be rendered invalid from many causes, which may be thus classified:- (I.) Those making it void ab initio, when it can

Continuation clause

Act, 1901, (1 Edw. 7, c. 7), s. 11,provides that a policy of sea insurance shall not be invalid on the ground only that by reason of such a clause it may become available for a period

Lloyd's bonds

settled such a bond. All such 'loan notes' issued otherwise than under the authority of some statute are invalid, and by the (English) Railway Regulation Act, 1844 (7 & 8 Vict. c. 85), s. 17, the railway

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