Imprisonment, 'imprisonment' shall mean imprisonment of either description as defined in theIndian Penal Code. [General Clauses Act, 1897 (10 of 1897), s. 3(27)]The restraint of a person's liberty under the custody of another. It extends in law to confinement not only in a gaol, but in a house, or stocks, or to hold-ing a man in the street, etc.; for in all these cases the person so restrained is said to be a prisoner, so long as he has not his liberty freely to go about his business as at other times, Co. Litt. 253. See FALSE IMPRISONMENT.Imprisonment for Crime.--Any common law mis-demeanour is punishable after conviction on indictment by fine or imprisonment or both, at the discretion of the court. Imprisonment for not more than two years is very frequently authorised, as an alternative to penal servitude, by the (English) Offences against the Person Act, 1861, and other Acts set out in Chitty's Statutes, tit. 'Criminal Law.' As to the right of any person convicted by a Court of Summ...
Reserve Bank, means the Reserve Bank constituted under s. 3 of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934. [See Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934, s. 3]Means the Reserve Bank of India constituted under sub-section (1) of section 3 of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934 (2 of 1934). [Madhya Pradesh Rajkoshiya Uttardayitva Avam Budget Praobandhan Adhiniyam, 2005, R. 2(h)]Means the Reserve Bank of India constituted under sub-s. (1) of s. 3 of the Act, 1934 (Act No. 2 of 1934), Rajasthan Agricultural Produce Market Act, 2005, s. 2(1).Means the Reserve Bank of India constituted under s. 3 of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934 (2 of 1934), the Special Economic Zones Act, 2005, s. 2(x)....
Tail [fr. tailler, Fr., to prune]. An estate-tail was formerly a freehold of inheritance and is now an equitable interest which may be created after 1925 in respect of personalty as well as realty by way of trust and which (if not barred or disposed of by will after 1925) will devolve inequity on the person who would have taken realty as heir of the body or as tenant by the curtesy if the Law of Property Act, 1925, had not been passed [s. 130 (4) (ibid.)]The limitation of an estate so that it can be inherited only by the fee owner's issue or class of issue, Black's Law dictionary 7th Edn., p. 1466.An estate-tail in land now constitutes a settlement. [(English) Settled Land Act, 1925, s. 1]With this and other statutory modifications under the (English) Law of Property Act, 1925, the rules relating to this form of estate are still applicable (a) in the investigation of all titles to land in existence on the 31st December, 1925; (b) in the construction of equitable interests into which th...
Audit, an examining of accounts. An audit may be either detailed or administrative, and is usually both. A detailed audit is a comparison of vouchers with entries of payment, in order that the party whose accounts are audited may not debit his employer with payments not in fact made. An administrative audit is a comparison of payments with authorities to pay, in order that the party whose accounts are audited may not debit his employer with payments not authorised. If in either branch of audit an improper entry is discovered, the auditor surcharges the party whose accounts are audited; whereby the payment must be made by such party out of his own pocket. Where no fraud is suspected, however, and when there has been no negligence, it is common for the surcharge to be remitted [see, e.g., (English) Local Government Act, 18 (23 & 24 Geo. 5, c. 51), s. 230], especially where the party whose accounts are audited has given his service gratuitously.The public accounts are audited under the (E...
Government, 'the Government', shall include both the Central Government and any State Government. [General Clauses Act, 1897 (10 of 1897), s. 3(23)]That form of fundamental rules and principles by which a nation or state is governed; the state itself.The structure of principles and rules determining how a State or organisation is regulated; the sovereign proper in a nation or state; an organisation through which a body of people exercise political authority; the machinery by which foreign prover is exercised, Black's Law Dictionary, 7th Edn., p. 703.It means, in relation to any major port, the Central Government and, in relation to any other port, the State Government. [Dock Workers (Regulation of Employment) Act, 1948 (9 of 1948), s. 2 (d)]The expression 'Government' in s. 21(12)(a), IPC, 1860 must either mean the Central Government or the Government of a State, R.S. Nayak v. A.R. Antulay, AIR 1984 SC 684: (1984) 2 SCC 183: (1984) 2 SCR 495.Includes Legislative, Executive and Judiciar...
State Government, has the same meaning as in the West Bengal Panchayat Act, 1973 (West Ben. Act 41 of 1973). [West Bengal Panchayat Elections Act, 2003, s. 2(25)]State Government, in relation to a Union territory, includes the Administrator of that Union territory appointed by the President under Art. 239 of the Constitution. [Private Security Agencies (Regulation) Act, 2005, s. 2(i)]State Government, in relation to a Union territory, means the Administrator thereof. [Beedi and Cigar Workers (Conditions of Employment) Act, 1966 (32 of 1966), s. 2(o)]State Government, is headed by the Governor who exercises the executive powers of the State. [Constitution of India, Art. 154(1)]State Government, its executive powers extend to the matters on which the State Legislature is em-powered to make laws, Constitution of India, Art. 162.Means a State Government of the State in which a Special Economic Zone is established or proposed to be established. [Special Economic Zones Act, 2005, s. 2(zb)]Me...
Financial Institution, means a banking company to which the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 (10 of 1949) applies (including any bank or banking institution referred to in s. 51 of that Act); or any other financial institution which the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, specify in this behalf. [Income Tax Act, 1961 (43 of 1961), s. 80E(3)(b)]Means:(i) a public financial institution within the meaning of s. 4A of the Companies Act, 1956;(ii) such other institution as the Central Government may, having regard to its business activity and the area of its operation in India by notification, specify. [Recovery of Debts Due to Banks and Financial Institutions Act, 1993 (51 of 1993), s. 2 (h)]Financial institution means:(i) a public financial institution within the meaning of s. 4A of the Companies Act, 1956 (1 of 1956);(ii) any institution specified by the Central Govern-ment under sub-clause (ii) of clause (h) of s. 2 of the Recovery of Debts Due to Banks and Fina...
Ireland was a distinct kingdom until 1801, when the Union with Ireland Act, 1800 (39 & 40 Geo. 3, c. 67) (see Chitty's Statutes, tit. 'Union Acts'), formed the 'United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.' This Act confirmed the eight Articles of Union, and provided for Irish representation in both Houses of Parliament at Westminster. Redistribution of the Irish seats in the House of Commons was carried out in 1832, 1867, and 1885. The constant demand for a separate Parliament for Ireland led to the introduction of various Bills, but it was not until 1914 that the Government of Ireland Act of that year was placed on the Statute Book. The operation of this Act was suspended for the duration of the war. The demand of the Irish Republicans of the South for a complete severance led to the Govern-ment of Ireland Act, 1920, which superseded the Act of 1914. It provided for separate Governments in Northern and Southern Ireland, each with an Executive and Legislature of two chambers, and a Co...
Open space, means it is only with reference to the country that the word 'open' carries the meaning 'free from wood building etc.' Accepting the several meanings of the word 'open' the existence of 7 or 8 scattered trees within the space sixty feet wide all round would not render the entire space any less an open space within the meaning of that expression in the proviso to rule 18(a) of the Madras Places of Public Resort Act II of 1888. It is equally clear that the existence of say one free at one corner of the space would not prevent the space being an open space, Nachimuthu v. Ramaswami Chettiar, 69 MLW 887: (1956) 2 MLJ 556 (DB).By the (English) Metropolitan Open Spaces Acts of 1877 and 1881, the (English) Metropolitan Board of Works (succeeded by the London County Council, under s. 40, sub-s. 8, of the (English) Local Government Act, 1888) had power to acquire and to hold of the use of the public any open spaces within the metropolis. These Acts were extended, with amendments, to ...
Technical Instruction. By the repealed (English) Technical Instruction Act, 1889 (52 & 53 Vict. c. 76), technical instruction, i.e., by s. 8, instruction in the principles of science and art applicable to industries, but not including the teaching, the practice of any trade or industry or employment, might be provided by local authorities at the expense of the ratepayers; and by the repealed Technical Instruction Act, 1891 (54 & 55 Vict. c. 4), a local authority might provide for a supply of such instruction in a school outside its own district, so far as necessary for the requirements of its own district, in cases where similar provision could not be so advantageously made by aiding a school within its own district; but these Acts are superseded by the Education Act, 1921, Part VI., and the Unemployment Insurance Act, 1935 (25 & 26 Geo. 5, c. 35), ss. 83 and 113....