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Home Dictionary Name: general publication Page: 10Local Improvements
Local Improvements. By the (English) Public Improvements Act, 1860 (23 & 24 Vict. c. 30), a majority of two-thirds of the rate payers of any parish or district may, by 'adopting' that Act rate their district in aid of certain public improvements (e.g., public walks, playgrounds, etc.) for general benefit within their district. Half the proposed expenditure must have been privately subscribed, and the rate must not exceed sixpence in the pound. The power of adopting and exercising the Act for a rural parish is vested in the parish council (if any) of that parish, bys. 7 of the (English) Local Government Act, 1894 (67 & 57 Vict. c. 73)....
Principal of public life
Principal of public life, are of general application in every democracy and one is expected to bear them in mind while scrutinising the conduct of every holder of public office, Vineet Narain v. Union of India, AIR 1998 SC 889: (1998) Cr LJ 1208 (SC): (1998) 1 Cur Cr R 197....
Public charity
Public charity, means something for the charitable benefit of a large and important body of poor persons. As a rule, a friendly society is not a public charity, Clark (in re:), 1 Ch D 497; Cullack v. Edwards, (1896) 2 Ch 679; Braithwaite v. Attorney-General, (1909) 1 Ch 410....
Total liabilities
Total liabilities, means the liabilities under he Consolidated Fund of India and the public account of India. [Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act, 2003 (39 of 2003), s. 2(f)]Means the liabilities under the consolidated fund of the State of Gujarat and the public account of the State. [Gujarat Fiscal Responsibility Act, 2005, s. 2(i)]Means the explicit liabilities under consolidated fund of the State and the Public Account of the State including General Provident Fund. [Rajasthan Agricultural Produce Markets Act, 2005, s. 2(p)]...
Local land charges
Local land charges. Charges on land acquired at anytime by any local authority, including county, borough or rural district councils under the Public Health Metropolis Management or Private Street Works Act, or under any similar statute (public, general or local or private) passed at any time, must be registered in the local land-charge registry (see (English) Local Land Charges Rules,1927, S.R. & O., 1927, 869/L, 33), as provided by the Land Charges Act, 1925, s. 15, as amended by (English) Law of Property (Amendment) Act, 1926, or they will be void as against a purchaser for money or money's worth of a legal estate in the land affected. The following are included: town planning schemes and resolutions, and restrictions created after 1925 on user of land or buildings, imposed or enforceable by a local authority with some exceptions [see s. 15 (7) (b), ibid.], and this applies to local land charges affecting both registered and unregistered land. As to searches and official certificate...
discretionary
discretionary : left to discretion : exercised at one's own discretion ;specif : relating to the policy-making function of a public official see also Federal Tort Claims Act in the Important Laws section compare ministerial NOTE: A public official generally has qualified immunity from lawsuits that arise from his or her discretionary acts. ...
Underwriter
Underwriter, an insurer of ships, so called from his writing his name under the policy of insurance. See INSURANCE.Also subscribers (generally before a public issue by the company) offering to take all or a stated amount of the shares offered to and not taken up by the public. The sole consideration allowed is a commission at a rate which must be disclosed in the prospectus and not exceeding the rate authorized by the Articles of Association. This commission must not be confused with brokerage which companies are allowed to pay for placing their shares. [see (English) Companies Act, 1929, ss. 35 and 355, 4th Sch. (10)]A bona fide invitation to enter into an underwriting agreement does not require a prospectus within the meaning of s. 35 (ibid.). see PROSPECTUS....
Low visibility rules
Low visibility rules, these are rules of law which are made inaccessible to the public. Generally these are obscure laws, with far reaching powers and which infringe fundamental rights and those which the state does not wish to publicize. 'Fundamental rights cease to be viable if laws calculated to constrict their sweep are withheld from public access; and the freedoms under Art. 19(1) cannot be restricted by hidden or 'low visibility rules' beyond discovery by fair search. ' [Sunil Batra v. Delhi Administration, AIR 1978 SC 1675 (1721), para 93] - here reference is made to the Punjab Jail Manual which was not made available to prisoners and was priced so high that few could buy. (Justice V.R. Krishna Iyer)...
Auction
Auction, signifies generally an increasing, an enhancement, and hence is applied to a public sale of property usually conducted by biddings, which augment the price. A spear used to be raised by the Romans, at the sign of a public auction, Livy, xxiii. 37; Smith's Dict. of Antiq. The Sale of Land by Auction Act, 1867 (30 & 31 Vict. c. 48), by s. 5 enacts that the particulars of sale of land by auction 'shall state whether such land will be sold without reserve, or subject to a reserved price, or whether a right to bid is reserved,' and that 'if it is stated that such land will be sold without reserve, it shall not be lawful for the seller to employ any person to bid at such sale, or for the auctioneer to take knowingly any bidding from any such person.' As to auction without reserve, see Rainbow v. Howkins, 1904 (2) KB 322. See DUTCH AUCTION; KNOCK-OUTS.The auctions (English) (Bidding Agreements) Act, 1927 (17 & 18 Geo. 5, c. 12), was designed to make it illegal for a dealer to give an...
Divulge
To make public to several or communicate to the public to tell a secret so that it may become generally known to disclose said of that which had been confided as a secret or had been before unknown as to divulge a secret...
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