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nucleoside
A type of molecule found in all living organisms present mostly in chemically combined form as a component of nucleic acids and also in smaller amounts in free form consisting of a pentose sugar bound to a purine or pyrimidine base two types of nucleoside ribonucleoside and deoxyribonucleoside are present The most common bases present in nucleosides are adenine cytosine uracil guanine and thymine and to a lesser extent hypoxanthine and other bases are found The most commmon ribonucleosides composed from these bases are called adenosine cytidine uridine and guanosine The forms esterified with orthophosphoric at the 5 position of the pentose are called nucleotides The nucleotides form the monomer units which are combined into DNA and RNA which carry the genetic information required for reproduction in all known organisms...
Shape
To form or create especially to mold or make into a particular form to give proper form or figure to...
Abjuration
Abjuration, means a renouncing by oath, Black Law Dictionary, 7th Edn., p. 5.Abjuration [fr. abjuro, Lat.], a forswearing or renouncing by oath. To abjure is to retract, recant or abnegate a position on oath. 'Abjuration of the realm,' in the old law, signified an oath taken by a person accused of crime who had claimed sanctuary (see that tile) to forsake the realm for ever. It was abolished by 12 Jac. 1, c. 28.The oath of abjuration (introduced by 13 Wm. 3, c. 16, and altered by 6 Geo. 3, c. 53) had to be taken by every person entering upon any public office or trust. By this he renounced the Pretender (the son of James II.) and recognized the right of Her Majesty, under the Act of Settlement (q.v.), engaging to support her, and promising to disclose all treasons and traitorous conspiracies against her, Staunforde Pl. C. b. 2, c. 40. By 21 & 22 Vict. C. 48, one form of oath was substituted for the oaths of allegiance, supremacy, and abjuration. For this form another was substituted by...
Allegiance, Oath of
Allegiance, Oath of, A new form of this oath was substituted for the older form by 21 & 22 Vict. c. 48. A new form was again provided by 30 & 31 Vict. c. 75, s. 5, and this has in its turn been superseded by the (English) Promissory Oaths Act, 1868 (31 & 32 Vict. c. 72), which provides as follows: 'I, do swear that I will be faithful and bear true allegiance to Her Majesty Queen Victoria, her heirs and successors, according to law. So help me God.The 10th section of the Act provides that of Her present Majesty is expressed, the name of the Sovereign of this Kingdom shall be substituted from time to time.'See also Irish Free State (Agreement) Act, 1922, Sch., Art. 4.The oath, or an affirmation in similar terms, must be taken by certain high officers of State, by Judges of the Supreme Court and justices of the peace on their appointment, by Members of Parliament on taking their seats, and by clergymen before their ordination. A like oath must be taken by an alien on obtaining a certifica...
Arbitration
Arbitration, the determination of a matter in dispute by the judgment of one or more persons, called arbitrators, who in case of difference usually call in an 'umpire' to decide between them.Means a method of dispute resolution involving one or more neutral third parties who are usually agreed to by the disputing parties and whose decision is binding, Black Law Dictionary 7th Edn., p. 100.Means any arbitration whether or not administered by permanent arbitral institution. [The Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996, s. 2(a)]An arbitrator is a disinterested person, to whose judgment and decision matters in dispute are referred, Termes de la Ley.The civilians make a difference between arbiter and arbitrator, though both found their power in the compromise of the parties; the former being obliged to judge according to the customs of the law: whereas the latter is at liberty to use his own discretion, and accommodate the difference in that manner which appears most just and equitable.An ar...
Banker's Books
Banker's Books, includes ledgers, day books, cash-books, account-books and other records used in the ordinary business of the bank, whether in written form or kept on microfilm, magnetic tape, or other forms of retrieval mechanism, State of Norway's Application, (1987) QB 433; Williams v. Summer Field, (1972) 2 QB 513.Banker's Books, includes ledgers, day books, cash-books, account-books and all other records used in the ordinary business of the bank, whether these records are kept in written form or stored in a microfilm, magnetic tape or any other form of mechanical or electronic data retrieval mechanism, either onsite or at any offsite location including back-up or disaster recovery site of both, Banker's Books Evidence Act, 1891, sec. 2(3)...
Civil Law
Civil Law, that rule of action which every particular nation, commonwealth, or city has established peculiarly for itself, more properly distinguished by the name of municipal law.The term 'civil law' is now chiefly applied to that which the Romans complied from the laws of nature and nations.The 'Roman Law'and the 'Civil Law' are convertible phrases, meaning the same system of jurisprudence; it is now frequently denominated 'the Roman Civil Law.'The collections of Roman Civil Law, before its reformation in the sixth century of the Christian era by the eastern Emperor Justinian, were the following:--(1) Leges Regi'. These laws were for the most part promulgated by Romulus, Numa Pompilius and Servius Tullius. To Romulus are ascribed the formation of a constitutional government, and the imposition of a fine, instead of death, for crimes; Numa Pompilius composed the laws relating to religion and divine worship, and abated the rigour of subsisting laws; and Servius Tullius, the sixth king,...
Cheque
Cheque, defined. [Act (1 of 1879), s. 3; [Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 (26 of 1881), s. 6:A 'cheque' is a bill of exchange drawn on a specified banker and not expressed to be payable otherwise than on demand and it includes the electronic image of a truncated cheque and a cheque in the electronic form.Explanation 1.--For the purposes of this section, the expression--(a) 'a cheque in the electronic form' means a cheque which contains the exact mirror image of a paper cheque, and is generated, written and signed in a secure system ensuring the minimum safety standards with the use of digital signature (with or without biometrics signature) and asymmetric crypto system;(b) 'a truncated cheque' means a cheque which is truncated during the course of a clearing cycle, either by the clearing house or by the bank whether paying or receiving payment, immediately on generation of an electronic image for transmission, substituting the further physical movement of the cheque in writing.Means a...
University
University, an association of learners, and of teachers and examiners of the learners, upon whose report the association grants upon whose report the association grants titles called 'degrees' (such as 'Master of Arts,' 'Doctor of Divinity'), showing that the holders have attained some definite proficiency.The English Universities are those of Oxford, Cambridge (incorporated by 13 Eliz. c. 29, by the two names of the Chancellor, Masters and Scholars of the University of Oxford and Cambridge respectively, with the direction that they shall be called and named by none other name for evermore), Durham, London, Victoria of Manchester, Birmingham, Liverpool, Leeds, Sheffield, Bristol, and East Midland University Nottingham, the graduates of which (see University of Liverpool Act, 1904; (English) University of Leeds Act, 1904; and (English) Sheffield University Act, 1914) have equal statutory privileges and exemptions; and Reading University (see 18 & 19 Geo. 5, c. 25). There is also the Uni...
Company
Company [fr. compagnia, Ital., which word is still printed on Bank of England notes as 'compa'], a body of persons associated for purposes of busi-ness, sometimes, but not now so frequently as some years ago, styled a Joint Stock Company.A company has its origin either (1) in a charter, as the Bank of England and many insurance companies; or (2) in a special Act of Parliament, with which, as authorizing an undertaking of a public nature such as a railway, the Companies Clauses Consolidation Act, 1845 (8 & 9 Vict. c. 16), is necessarily incorporated; or (3) in registration under the Companies Acts, 1862 and subsequent Acts, now consolidated into the (English) Companies Act, 1925 (19 & 20 Geo. 5, c. 23).By s. 13 of the Act of 1925 (1) on the registration of the memorandum of a company the registrar shall certify under his hand that the company is incorporated and, in the case of a limited company, that the company is limited. (2) From the date of incorporation mentioned in the certificat...
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