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Tables, under the Companies Act, 1929, First Schedule:-A. The model form of Articles of Association for a company limited by shares. See ASSOCIATION, and ss. 8, 115, 333, 379 and 380.B. The model form of a Memorandum of Association of a company limited by shares. See ASSOCIATION, and ss. 11 and 379.C. The model form of Memorandum and Articles of Association of a company limited by guarantee and not having a share capital. See COMPANY, and ss. 11 and 379.D. The same of a company limited by guarantee and having a share capital (ss. 11 and 379)....
Rolls of Parliament
Rolls of Parliament, the manuscript registers of the proceedings of our old Parliaments. In these rolls are likewise a great many decisions of difficult points of law which were frequently, informer times, referred to the determination of this Supreme Court by the judges of both benches, etc.'Formerly all bills were drawn in the form of petitions which were entered upon the parliament rolls, with the king's answer thereunto subjoined; not in any settled form of words, but as the circumstances of the case required; and at the end of each parliament, the judges drew them into the form of a statute, which was entered on the statute rolls.'--1 Bl. Com. 181....
Sovereignty
Sovereignty, means 'supremacy in respect of power, dominion or rank; supreme dominion authority or rule. Sovereignty is the right to govern. The term sovereignty as applied to states implies 'Supreme, absolute, uncontrollable power by which any state is governed, and which resides within itself, whether residing in a single individual or a number of individuals, or in the whole body of the people. Sovereignty according to its normal legal connotation is the supreme power which govern the body politic, or society which constitutes the state and the power is independent of the particular form of government whether monarchial, autocratic or democratic, Govindrao v. State of Madhya Pradesh, AIR 1982 SC 1201.Means the Supreme, absolute and uncontrollable power by which any independent state is governed; supreme political authority paramount control of the constitution and frame of government and its administration; the self-sufficient source of political power from which all specific politi...
Goods
Goods, Computer programs are the product of an intellectual process, but once implanted in a medium they are widely distributed to computer owners. An analogy can be drawn to a compact-disc recording of an orchestral rendition. The music is produced by the artistry of musicians and in itself is not a 'good', but when transferred to a laser-readable disc it becomes a readily merchant-able commodity. Similarly, when a professor deliv-ers a lecture, it is not a good, but, when transcribed as a book, it becomes a good. That a computer program may be copyrightable as intellectual property does not alter the fact that once in the form of a floppy disc or other medium, the program is tangible, moveable and available in the marketplace. The fact that some programs may be tailored for specific purposes need not alter their status as 'goods' because the Code definition includes 'specially manufactured goods', Advent Systems Ltd. v. Unisys Corpn., 925 F. 2d 670 3dCir 1991. Associated Cement Compa...
Trust
Trust, is a comprehensive expression, as covering not only the relationship of trustee and beneficiary but also that a bailor and bailee master and servant pledger and pledgee, guardian and ward and all other relations which postulate the existence of fiduciary relationship between the complainant and the accused, State v. K.P. Jain, (1983) 2 Crimes 947 (All).Trust, is a trust for public purposes, the substances and primary intention of the creator must be seen, Shabbir Husain v. Ashiq Husain, AIR 1929 Oudh 225.Trust, is an obligation annexed to ownership. A trustee holds property 'subject' to an obligation, which the testator has imposed upon him, Mahadeo Ramchandra v. Damodar Vishwanath, AIR 1957 Bom 218: (1957) 59 Bom LR 478.Means any arrangement whereby property is transferred with intention that it be administered for another's benefit is a trust. It casts an obligation on the trustee to use the property for achieving the purpose for which the trust is created, Baba Jamuna Das Mah...
Uses
Uses (History). A use is the intention or purpose, express or implied, upon which property is to be held. The Common Law treated the actual possessor for all purposes as the owner of the property. It was not difficult to find him out, since the possession of his estate was conferred upon him by a formal and notorious ceremony, technically called livery of seisin, which was performed openly and in the presence of the people of the locality.It soon became evident that the simple rules of the Common Law were stumbling-blocks to the complicated wants of an enterprising people.Hence ingenuity was sharpened to hit upon a device which should set at nought the rigidity of existing law and formalities.A system was found by the monastic jurists upon a model furnished by the Civil Law, which, by a nice adaptation, evaded, without overturning, the Common Law. Two methods of transferring realty began to co-exist in this country-the ancient Common Law system, and the later invention, which is denomi...
Writing
Writing, in any Act of Parliament, shall, unless the contrary intention appears, be construed as including printing, lithography, photography, and other modes of representing or reproducing words in a visible form, Interpretation Act, 1889, s. 20.Expression referring to 'writing' shall be construed as including references to printing, lithography, photography and other modes of representing or reproducing words in a visible form. [General Clauses Act, 1987 (10 of 1987), s. 3(65)]Writing, includes decoration lettering ornamentation, etc., produced by stencil. [Rajasthan Appropriation (No. 3) Act, 2005, s. 2(f)]Writing, shall be construed as including reference to printing lithography, photography and other modes or representing or reproducing words in a visible form. See General Clauses Act, 1897, s. 3(65), Vikram Singh v. Shri Ram, AIR 1995 MP 140....
Government
Government, 'the Government', shall include both the Central Government and any State Government. [General Clauses Act, 1897 (10 of 1897), s. 3(23)]That form of fundamental rules and principles by which a nation or state is governed; the state itself.The structure of principles and rules determining how a State or organisation is regulated; the sovereign proper in a nation or state; an organisation through which a body of people exercise political authority; the machinery by which foreign prover is exercised, Black's Law Dictionary, 7th Edn., p. 703.It means, in relation to any major port, the Central Government and, in relation to any other port, the State Government. [Dock Workers (Regulation of Employment) Act, 1948 (9 of 1948), s. 2 (d)]The expression 'Government' in s. 21(12)(a), IPC, 1860 must either mean the Central Government or the Government of a State, R.S. Nayak v. A.R. Antulay, AIR 1984 SC 684: (1984) 2 SCC 183: (1984) 2 SCR 495.Includes Legislative, Executive and Judiciar...
Documents (aircraft)
Documents (aircraft), means any certificate of registration, maintenance or airworthiness, log books and any similar document, Civil Aviation Act, 1982, s. 88(10) (UK) Halsbury's Laws of England (2) , para 1183, p. 576.Includes information recorded in any form and, in relation to information recorded otherwise than in legible form, reference to its production include references to producing a copy of the information in legible form, Banking Act, 1987, s. 106(1) (UK) Halsbury's Laws of England (2), para 35, p. 31.Given by way of charge is a document which only gives a right to payment out of a particular fund or property, and does not absolutely transfer the fund or property, Tancred v. Delagoa Bay and East Africa Rly. Co., (1889) 23 QBD 239 DC...
arrival-departure card
arrival-departure card Also known as Form I-94, Arrival-Departure Record. The U.S. Customs and Border Protection official at the port-of-entry gives foreign visitors (all non-U.S. citizens) an Arrival-Departure Record, (a small white card) when they enter the United States. Recorded on this card is the immigrant classification and the authorized period of stay in the U.S. This is either recorded as a date or the entry of D/S, meaning duration of status. It is important to keep this card safe because it shows the length of time you are permitted and authorized by the Department of Homeland Security to stay in the U.S. It is best kept stapled with your passport, kept in a safe place. The visitors return the I-94 card when they leave the country. The I-94W, Nonimmigrant Visa Waiver Arrival-Departure Record (green card) is for travelers on the Visa Waiver Program. Go to the FAQs on the I-94 Form & the I-95 Form to learn more. Source: Department of State. March 2007. ...
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