Expense - Law Dictionary Search Results
Home Dictionary Name: expense Page: 4Cess
Cess [fr. asseoir, Fr., to fix), an assessment or tax. In Ireland it was anciently applied to a exaction of victuals, at a certain rate, for soldiers in garrison, and in modern times is equivalent to the English 'Rate.'Means the cess levied under s. 3. [Research and Development Cess Act, 1986 (32 of 1986), s. 2 (b)]The word 'cess' is used in Ireland and is still in use in India although the word rate has replaced it in England. It means a tax and is generally used when the levy is for some special administrative expense what the name (health cess, education cess, road cess etc.) indicates. When levied as an increment to an existing tax, the name matters not for the validity of the cess must be judged of in the same way as the validity of the tax to which it is an increment, Guruswamy and Co. v. State of Mysore, (1967) 1 SCR 548: AIR 1967 SC 1512. Also see, India Cement Ltd. v. State of T.N., (1990) 1 SCC 12: AIR 1990 SC 85.It means a tax and is generally used when the levy is for some ...
qualifying ratios
qualifying ratios guidelines utilized by lenders to determine how much money a homebuyer is qualified to borrow. Lending guidelines typically include a maximum housing expense to income ratio and a maximum monthly expense to income ratio. Source: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development ...
Estimates
Estimates, in India, the estimates are presented to the Lok Sabha in the form of estimates, Parliamentary Practice, Erskine May, 22nd Edn., 2001, p. 743.Is the certain details of the anticipated expenses of each department and the specific purposes for which the money is required, the Office of the Speaker in the Parliaments of Commonwealth, Wilding & Philip Laundry, p. 252.In U.K., the Crown's request for supply are sub-mitted to the House of Commons in the form of estimates, Parliamentary Practice, Erskine, May, 22nd Edn., 1997, p. 745.Is the annual detailed statements of the public expenditure proposed to be undertaken by the Government, Parliamentary Dictionary, L.A. Abraham and S.C. Hawtrey, 1956 and H.M. Barclay, 3rd Edn., 1970, p. 94.Contain the details of the anticipated expenses of each department and the specific purposes for which the money is required, the Office of the Speaker in the Parliaments of Commonwealth, Wilding and Philip Laundy, p. 252.In India, the estimates are...
damage
damage [Old French, from dam injury, harm, from Latin damnum financial loss, fine] 1 : loss or harm resulting from injury to person, property, or reputation 2 pl : the money awarded to a party in a civil suit as reparation for the loss or injury for which another is liable see also additur, cover, mitigate, remittitur compare declaratory judgment at judgment, injunction specific performance at performance NOTE: The trier of fact determines the amount of damages to be awarded to the prevailing party. More than one type of damages may be awarded for a single injury. actual damages : damages deemed to compensate the injured party for losses sustained as a direct result of the injury suffered called also compensatory damages consequential damages : special damages in this entry direct damages : damages for a loss that is an immediate, natural, and foreseeable result of the wrongful act compare special damages in this entry ex·em·pla·ry damages [ig-zem-plə-r...
Contract for sale of land
Contract for sale of land. The incidents of a contract for sale of land re regulated partly by statute and partly by the practice of conveyancers. A contract for sale of land must be in writing, (English) L.P. Act, 1925, s. 40. See FRAUDS, STATUTE OF. If the contract is a simple, unconditional, or open contract for sale of land, it is implied that the vendor is to make a good title to the land for an estate in fee simple free from incumbrances, Hughes v. Parker, 8 M & W 344. He is under an obligation to show a good title (in ordinary circumstances for the thirty years preceding the date of contract, see ABSTRACT), and to prove that title by sufficient evidence. the expenses of showing the title, i.e., the abstract, falls on the vendor and so also the expenses of production of material documents in his possession or in that of his trustees an mortgagees. The expenses of production for verification of those which are not in such possession are to be borne by the purchaser, (English) L.P....
deduction
deduction 1 : an amount allowed by tax laws to be subtracted from income in order to decrease the amount of income tax due see also Internal Revenue Code in the Important Laws section compare credit, exclusion, exemption busi·ness deduction : a deduction usually taken from gross income that is allowed for losses or expenses attributable to business activities or to activities engaged in for profit charitable deduction : a deduction allowed for a contribution to a charity usually that is qualified under the tax law (as sections 170 and 2055 of the Internal Revenue Code) de·pen·den·cy deduction : a deduction allowed to be taken in a set amount for a qualified dependent (as under sections 151 and 152 of the Internal Revenue Code) itemized deduction : a deduction for a specifically recorded item that is allowed to be taken from adjusted gross income if the total of such deductions exceeds the standard deduction marital deduction 1 : a deduction allowed under th...
bill
bill 1 : a draft of a law presented to a legislature for enactment ;also : the law itself [the GI ] ap·pro·pri·a·tions bill [ə-prō-prē-ā-shənz-] : a bill providing money for government expenses and programs NOTE: Appropriations bills originate in the House of Representatives. bill of attainder 1 : a legislative act formerly permitted that attainted a person and imposed a sentence of death without benefit of a judicial trial see also attainder compare bill of pains and penalties in this entry 2 : a legislative act that imposes any punishment on a named or implied individual or group without a trial NOTE: Bills of attainder are prohibited by Article I of the U.S. Constitution. bill of pains and penalties : a legislative act formerly permitted that imposed a punishment less severe than death without benefit of a judicial trial compare bill of attainder in this entry NOTE: The term bill of attainder is often used to include bills of p...
Payment
Payment, is the act of paying, K.S. Bawa v. Director of Enforcement, (1990) Cr LJ 1068.The payment of money before the day appointed is in law payment at the day; for it cannot, in presumption of law, be any prejudice to him to whom the payment is made to have his money before the time; and it appears by the party's receipt of it, that it is for his own advantage to receive it then, otherwise he would not do it, 5 Rep. 117. See the notes to Cumber v. Wane, (1719) in 1 Smith's L.C.Payment is a recompense for service rendered, Bala Subrahmanya Rajaram v. B.C. Patil, AIR 1958 SC 518 (519): (1958) SCR 1504.(ii) 'Payment' implies gift of money by someone to another. A partition in a H.U.F. can be considered either as 'disposition' or 'conveyance' or 'assign-ment' or 'settlement' or 'delivery' or 'payment' or 'alienation' within the meaning of those words in s. 2 (xxiv) of Gift Tax Act, 1958; Commissioner of Gift Tax v. N.S. Getty Chettiar, AIR 1971 SC 2410: (1972) 1 SCR 736: (1971) 2 SCC 74...
means test
means test Section 707(b)(2) of the Bankruptcy Code applies a "means test" to determine whether an individual debtor's chapter 7 filing is presumed to be an abuse of the Bankruptcy Code requiring dismissal or conversion of the case (generally to chapter 13). Abuse is presumed if the debtor's aggregate current monthly income (see definition above) over 5 years, net of certain statutorily allowed expenses, is more than (i) $10,000, or (ii) 25% of the debtor's nonpriority unsecured debt, as long as that amount is at least $6,000. The debtor may rebut a presumption of abuse only by a showing of special circumstances that justify additional expenses or adjustments of current monthly income. Source: Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts ...
Rural Authority
Rural Authority. Under the (English) Public Health Act, 1936, s. 1, means the council of a rural district, provided that where a direction such as is mentioned in the Local Government Act, 1933, s. 42 (2) is in force; a reference to a rural authority in the P.H. Act shall be construed as a reference to the council temporarily administering the affairs of the district. So far as a rural district council is a council of a county district, it is an authority invested with the duty of carrying the P.H. Act into execution as provided by the Act without prejudice to the exercise by a parish council of any powers conferred upon such councils. Under s. 12, ibid., rural districts may constitute special purpose areas for charging exclusively sewage, water, or drainage expenses, and see s. 309, ibid., as to such expenses. Section 13 enables the Minister of health to invest any rural district or any contributory place therein with urban powers. See WATCHING AND LIGHTING....
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