Exemption - Law Dictionary Search Results
Home Dictionary Name: exemption Page: 3dependent
dependent 1 : determined or conditioned by another : contingent 2 a : relying on another for esp. financial support b : lacking the necessary means of support or protection and in need of aid from others (as a public agency) [have the child declared and taken away from his or her parents "L. H. Tribe"] 3 : subject to another's jurisdiction [the United States and its territories] n : a person who is dependent ;esp : a close relative or member of a taxpayer's household who receives over half of his or her support from the taxpayer and is a U.S. citizen, national, or resident, or a resident of a bordering country (as Mexico) see also dependency exemption at exemption ...
Jury
Jury [fr. jurata, Lat.; jure, Fr.], a number of persons sworn to deliver a verdict upon evidence delivered to them touching the issue.Trial by jury may be traced to the earliest Anglo-Saxon times. One of the judicial customs of the Saxons was that a man might be cleared of an accusation of certain crimes, if an appointed number of persons (juratores, or more properly compurgatores) came forward and swore to a veredictum, that they believed him innocent. It is remarkable that for accusations of any consequence among the Saxons on the continent, twelve juratores was the number required for an acquittal. Similar customs may be observed in the laws of Athens and Rome, where dikaotai and judices answer to jurors, an of the continental Angli and Frisiones, though the number of jurors varied.See, as to the introduction and growth of trial by jury in England, Forsyth's History of Trial by Jury; and for comments on and proposed amendments of the law, see Erle's Jury Laws and their Amendment, pu...
Shop
Shop, a place where thins are kept for sale, usually in small quantities, to the actual consumers. By (English) Shops Act, 1912, s. 19, 'shop' includes any premises where any 'retail trade or business' is carried on; 'retail trade or business' includes the business of a barber or hairdresser, but not the sale of programmes, etc., at places of amusement.A business establishment or place of employment; a factory, office, or other place of business, Black's Law Dictionary, 7th Edn., p. 1384.The (English) Shops Act, 1934, deals with the employment of persons under eighteen years, repealing s. 2 of the (English) Shops Act, 1912; but the other provisions are unaffected. The 1934 Act, s. 1, provides that no young person (under eighteen) shall be employed for more than the normal maximum working hours, that is, forty-eight hours in any week; it makes restrictions on right employment, has special provisions as to the catering trade, the sale of accessories for Aircraft, motor vehicles and cycle...
Lottery
Lottery, a game of chance; a distribution of prizes by lot or chance, Taylor v. Smetten, (1883) 11 QBD 207. By 10 & 11 Wm. 3, c. 17, Chitty's Statutes, tit. 'Games,' all lotteries were declared to be public nuisances, and all grants, patents, or licences for the same to be contrary to law; and the (English) Gaming Act, 1802 (42 Geo. 3, c. 119), imposes a penalty of 500l. on any person keeping any place for any lottery' not authorized by Parliament' for as lotteries were found to be a ready mode for raising money for the service of the state, they were from time to time sanctioned by Acts of Parliament passed expressly for this purpose (see 4 Geo. 4, c. 60), but by 6 Geo. 4, c. 60, they were abolished. As to what constitutes 'keeping' within the Act of 1802, see Martin v. Benjamin, (1907) 1 KB 64; but a body corporate cannot be convicted (s. 41) as rogues and vagabonds, Hawke v. Hulton, (1909) 2 KB 93.A physical lot is not essential to a lottery, Barclay v. Pearson, (1893) 2 Ch 154. In ...
Special constables
Special constables, persons appointed by justices of the peace to assist in keeping the peace 'on the oath of a credible witness that any tumult, riot, or felony has taken place or may be reasonably apprehended in any parish, township, or place,' if the justices are of opinion that the ordinary constables are insufficient for that purpose. See Special Constables Act, 1831, s. 8 of which imposes a penalty for each refusal to serve when duly called upon, while s. 2 allows a Secretary of State to order persons to be sworn in though exempt by law, and s. 196 of the (English) Municipal Corporations Act, 1882, by which borough justices 'shall appoint in October in every year so many as they may think fit of the inhabitants of the borough, not legally exempt from serving the office of constable, to act as special constables in the borough.' There are also Acts of 1835 and 1838 dealing with the subject.By the (English) Special Constables Act, 1914, as amended by the (English) Special Constable...
Peculiars, Court of
Peculiars, Court of, a branch of, and annexed to, the Court of Arches. It has a jurisdiction over all those parishes dispersed through the province of Canterbury in the midst of other dioceses, which are exempt from the ordinary's jurisdiction, and subject to the metropolitan only. All ecclesiastical causes arising within these peculiar or exempt jurisdictions are, originally, cognizable by this Court, from which an appeal lies to the Court of Arches, 3 Bl. Com. 65. See now 37 & 38 Vict. c. 85, and title PUBLIC WORSHIP REGULATION ACT....
Maufi, Maufidar
Maufi, Maufidar, the ordinary dictionary meaning of maufi is 'Released, exempted, exempt from the payment of rent or tax, rent free' and maufidar is 'A holder of rent-free land, a grantee', Pravir Chandra Bhanji Rao v. State of Madhya Pradesh, (1961) 2 SSCR 501: AIR 1961 SC 775 (778)....
Boiler Explosions Act
Boiler Explosions Act, 1882 (English) (45 & 46Vict. c. 22), whereby detailed notice of an explosion from any boiler, i.e. (s. 3), 'any closed vessel used for generating steam, or for heating water, or for heating other liquids, or into which steam is admitted for heating, steaming, boiling, or other similar purposes,' must be sent within 24 hours by the 'owner or user,' or their agent, to the Board of Trade, who have power to order an inquiry with respect to the explosion. Boilers used exclusively for domestic purposes, and boilers used in the service of his Majesty or on board certificated steamships, were exempted from the Act, and so were some boiler explosions in mines, but an amending 'Boiler Explosions Act, 1890,' repeals these exemptions, except those for Crown and domestic boilers. A pipe may be a 'boiler' within this Act, R. v. Commissioners, (1891) 1 QB 703; but a boiler used for heating business premises in within the exception, Smith v. Muller, (1894) 1 QB 192....
Hawkers and pedlars
Hawkers and pedlars, persons who carry their goods from place to place for sale. In 1810 (50 Geo. 3, c. 41), imposed a licence duty on them and made various provisions in regard to their trade. After many amending Acts (see, e.g., 52 Geo. 3, c. 108, 26 & 27 Vict. c. 18, Sched. B, 22 & 23 Vict. c. 36) the (English) Hawkers Act, 1888 (51 & 52 Vict. c. 33), has regulated the business of hawkers, defining, for the purposes of the Act, a hawker as a person who travels about selling or exposing samples with a horse or other beast bearing or drawing burden, the Pedlars Act, 1871 (34 & 35 Vict. c. 96), for regulating the business of peddlers, having already defined a peddler for the purposes of that Act as a person traveling about selling or procuring orders for goods or selling his skill in handicraft, without a horse, etc. see Woolwich Local Board v. Gardiner, (1895) 2 QB 497.A hawker's licence costs 2l. a year, and except by way of renewal of a licence for the year immediately preceding, is...
Dog
Dog. Draught.--The (English) Protection of Animals Act, 1911, s. 9, and the (English) Protection of Animals (Scotland) Act, 1912, s. 8, prohibit, under a penalty, the use of any dog in England or Scotland for the purpose of draught.Licenses.--Dog licenses are regulated by the (English) Dog Licenses Act, 1867 (30 Vict. c. 5), as amended by 32 & 33 Vict. c. 14, s. 38, 41 Vict. C. 15, ss. 17-23, and 42 & 43 Vict. c. 21, s. 26. They commence on the day of grant, and terminate on the 31st of December following; but procuring a license on the day of a conviction will not avoid the penalty up to 5l. under s. 8 of the Act of 1867, Campbell v. Strangways, (1877) 3 CPD 105. The present duty is 7s. 6d., to which it was raised from 5s. by the (English) Customs and Inland Revenue Act, 1878 (41 & 42 Vict. c. 15), and this s. is amended by s. 5 of the (English) Dogs Act, 1906. See Johnson v. Wilson, (1909) 2 KB 497. No duty is payable for dogs under six months old (Act of 1867, s. 10), or hound whelp...
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