Enzymes - Law Dictionary Search Results
Home Dictionary Name: enzymesenzyme
A protein produced by a living organism capable of catalyzing a chemical reaction Almost all processes in living organisms require some form of enzyme to cause the reactions to occur at a rate sufficient to support life There are a very wide variety of enzymes each specifically catalyzing a different chemical reaction the sum of which cause the bulk of the physiological changes observed as life processes Enzymes like most proteins are synthesized by the protein synthetic mechanism of the living cell at special sites on ribosomes using the genetic information in messenger RNA transcribed from the genetic instructions stored as nuleotide sequences in the DNA or in some viruses the RNA of the genome Some examples of enzymes are pepsin diastase rennet DNA polymerase invertase glucose oxidase protease and ribonuclease There are many other types of enzyme...
coenzyme
a molecule that is essential for the activity of some enzymes it may exist free in solution within a living organism but functions by binding to an enzyme to assist in catalyzing a reaction The molecule itself may be temporarily changed during the reaction but is ultimately restored to its original form Many vitamins function as coenzymes...
Hydrolase
an enzyme which causes the splitting of a chemical bond with the addition of the elements of water a hydrolytic enzyme Formerly called a hydrolytic ferment...
ligase
An enzyme which catalyzes creation of a covalent bond between two substrates resulting in a larger product which is a combination of the two starting materials especially DNA ligase an enzyme which creates a phosphate bond between 5prime and 3prime ends of a DNA chain resulting in a longer chain of DNA DNA ligase is important in normal biosynthesis of DNA in the replication cycle of cells...
proenzyme
Any one of a class of proteins that are converted in the normal course of cellular metabolism into one or more active enzymes also called zymogen The conversion usually is due to a specific cleavage of a peptide bond by another enzyme or may be due to acid...
Rennin
A milk clotting enzyme obtained from the true stomach abomasum of a suckling calf Mol wt about 31000 Also called chymosin rennase and abomasal enzyme...
biocatalyst
a biochemical catalyst such as an enzyme...
catalase
an enzyme found in most plant and animal cells that functions as an oxidative catalyst it decomposes hydrogen peroxide into hydrogen and water...
catalyst
a substance that initiates or accelerates a chemical reaction without itself being affected as thousands of enzymes serve in concert as calaysts to produce the sequence of reactions we call ldquolifeldquo the industrial production of cheap ammonia depended on finding a good catalyst...
cross link
a covalent bond that links two chains of atoms or two sections of one chain in a polymeric molecule the cross link is created by a third bond in a monomer unit in addition to the two bonds forming the polymeric chain a cross link may be internal to a single chain rather than between two otherwise unlinked chains as ultraviolet irradiation creates cross links between the two chains of a DNA double helix many enzymes have cross links formed by disulfide bonds polystyrene resins have their porosity controlled by the proportion of cross links Called also cross linkage...
- << Prev.
- Next >>
Sign-up to get more results
Unlock complete result pages and premium legal research features.
Start Free Trial