Dna Polymerase - Law Dictionary Search Results
Home Dictionary Name: dna polymeraseDNA polymerase
an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of DNA from deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates Cells contain several types of DNA polymerase some of which are required for replication of DNA and are indispensable for multipliation and division of cells...
enzyme
A protein produced by a living organism capable of catalyzing a chemical reaction Almost all processes in living organisms require some form of enzyme to cause the reactions to occur at a rate sufficient to support life There are a very wide variety of enzymes each specifically catalyzing a different chemical reaction the sum of which cause the bulk of the physiological changes observed as life processes Enzymes like most proteins are synthesized by the protein synthetic mechanism of the living cell at special sites on ribosomes using the genetic information in messenger RNA transcribed from the genetic instructions stored as nuleotide sequences in the DNA or in some viruses the RNA of the genome Some examples of enzymes are pepsin diastase rennet DNA polymerase invertase glucose oxidase protease and ribonuclease There are many other types of enzyme...
DNA fingerprinting
DNA fingerprinting : a method of identification esp. for evidentiary purposes by analyzing and comparing the DNA from tissue samples ...
base pair
a unit of double stranded DNA or RNA consisting of two complementary bases on opposing strands of the double stranded polynucleotide bound together by hydrogen bonds and other non covalent chemical forces The bases comprising the base pairs are adenine thymine cytidine and guanine In normal DNA the base adenine on one strand of DNA pairs with thymine on the opposite strand and cytosine on one strand pairs with guanine on the opposite strand The term base pair usually includes the sugar ribose or deoxyribose and the phosphate bound to each base to form a nucleotide unit One base pair is sometimes used as a unit of length or size for DNA and in this usage is abbreviated bp as a 100 bp fragment of DNA A length of 1000 base pairs is a kilobase pair or kbp...
ligase
An enzyme which catalyzes creation of a covalent bond between two substrates resulting in a larger product which is a combination of the two starting materials especially DNA ligase an enzyme which creates a phosphate bond between 5prime and 3prime ends of a DNA chain resulting in a longer chain of DNA DNA ligase is important in normal biosynthesis of DNA in the replication cycle of cells...
Codon
a sequence of three nucleotides in a genome or a DNA or messenger RNA molecule which specifies the incorporation of one amino acid or is a stop signal during the biosynthesis of proteins Codons occur within the protein coding segments of the DNA or RNA genome of living organisms The amino acid sequence of proteins synthesized on ribosomes is thus determined by the sequence of the nucleotides in the genome...
mechanism of action
The mechanism2 by which a pharmacologically active substance produces an effect on a living organism or in a biochemical system as the mechanism of action of actinomycin involves its binding to DNA The mechanism of action is usually considered to include an identification of the specific molecular targets to which a pharmacologically active substance binds or whose biochemical action it influences a general recognition of the broad biochemical pathways such as DNA synthesis protein synthesis cholesterol synthesis which are inhibited or affected by a substance is termed its mode of action...
Plasmid
A piece of DNA usually circular functioning as part of the genetic material of a cell not integrated with the chromosome and replicating independently of the chromosome but transferred like the chromosome to subsequent generations of daughter cells In bacteria plasmids often carry the genes for antibiotic resistance they are exploited in genetic engineering as the vehicles for introduction of extraneous DNA into cells to alter the genetic makeup of the cell The cells thus altered may produce desirable proteins which are extracted and used in the case of genetically altered plant cells the altered cells may grow into complete plants with changed properties as for example increased resistance to disease...
fingerprint
fingerprint : the impression of a fingertip on any surface ;also : an ink impression of the lines upon the fingertip taken for the purpose of identification (as during the booking procedure following an arrest) see also dna fingerprinting fingerprint vt fin·ger·print·ing n ...
cross link
a covalent bond that links two chains of atoms or two sections of one chain in a polymeric molecule the cross link is created by a third bond in a monomer unit in addition to the two bonds forming the polymeric chain a cross link may be internal to a single chain rather than between two otherwise unlinked chains as ultraviolet irradiation creates cross links between the two chains of a DNA double helix many enzymes have cross links formed by disulfide bonds polystyrene resins have their porosity controlled by the proportion of cross links Called also cross linkage...
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