Determination And Order - Law Dictionary Search Results
Home Dictionary Name: determination and order Page: 4Void
Void, 'the erosion of the distinction between juris-dictional errors and non-jurisdictional errors has, correspondingly eroded the distinction between void and voidable decision. The courts have become increasingly impatient with the distinction, to the extent that (1) All official decisions are presumed to be valid until set aside or otherwise held to be invalid by a court of competent jurisdiction', Judicial Review of Administrative Action, De Smith, Woolf and Jowell, 1995 Edn., p. 259-60.Void, denotes 'if an act or decision, or an order or other instrument is invalid, it should, in principal be null and void for all purposes; and it has been said that there are no degrees of nullity. Even though such an act is wrong and lacking in jurisdiction, however, it subsists and remains fullyeffective unless and until it is set aside by a court of competent jurisdiction. Until its validity is challenged, its legality is preserved', Halsbury's Laws of England, 4th Edn., (Re-issue), Vol. 1(1), ...
Final order
Final order, an order appealed against cannot be regarded as a final order, where it does not of its own force bind or affect the rights of the parties, Prem Chand Satramdas v. State of Bihar, AIR 1951 SC 14: (1950) SCR 799.The expression 'final order' has been used in contradistinction to what is known as 'interlocutory order' and the essential test to distinguish the one from the other has been discussed and formulated in several cases decided by the Judicial Committee. The test for determining the finality of an order is, whether the judgment or order finally disposed of the rights of the parties, V.C. Shukla v. State Through C.B.I., AIR 1980 SC 962: (1980) Supp SCC 92.Where the order of the Commissioner under s. 33A required the Income-tax Officer to look into the books of account of assessee and make an estimate in the light of the material based on those books and directed him to substitute his estimate for the income already assessed under s. 23(4) and modify the assessment acco...
decision
decision : an authoritative determination (as a decree or judgment) made after consideration of facts or law ;also : a report or document containing such a determination see also memorandum decision compare disposition, finding, holding, judgment, opinion, ruling, verdict NOTE: A decision, while being an authoritative determination of a disputed issue, does not have to be a final determination closing the case. Some interlocutory decisions may be appealed. de·ci·sion·al [-zhə-nəl] adj ...
party
party pl: parties 1 a : one (as a person, group, or entity) constituting alone or with others one of the sides of a proceeding, transaction, or agreement [the parties to a contract] [a person who signed the instrument as a to the instrument "Uniform Commercial Code"] accommodated party : a party to an instrument for whose benefit an accommodation party signs and incurs liability on the instrument : a party for whose benefit an accommodation is made accommodation party : a party who signs and thereby incurs liability on an instrument that is issued for value and given for the benefit of an accommodated party secured party : a party holding a security interest in another's property third party : a person other than the principals [insurance against injury to a third party] b : one (as an individual, firm, or corporation) that constitutes the plaintiff or defendant in an action ;also : one so involved in the prosecution or defense of a judicial or quasi-judicial proceeding as t...
Interim orders/interlocutory orders
Interim orders/interlocutory orders, passed during the pendency of a case, fall under one or the other of the following categories:(i) Orders which finally decide a question or issue in controversy in the main case.(ii) Orders which finally decide an issue which materially and directly affects the final decision in the main case.(iii) Orders which finally decide a collateral issue or question which is not the subject-matter of the main case.(iv) Routine orders which are passed to facilitate the progress of the case till its culmination in the final judgment.(v) Orders which may cause some inconvenience or some prejudice to a party, but which do not finally determine the rights and obligations of the parties, Midnapore Peoples' Co-op. Bank Ltd. v. Chunilal Nanda, AIR 2006 SC 2190. Civil Procedure Code, 1908, O. 39, r. 1...
Justices
Justices, officers deputed by the Crown to ad-minister justice and do right by way of judgment. The judges of the Supreme Court are called justices, but the word is usually applied to petty magistrates who sit to administer summary justice in minor matters, and who are commonly called justices of the peace. They were first appointed in 1327 by 1 Edw. 3, st. 2, c. 16, and are now appointed by the king's special commission under the Great Seal, the form of which was settled by all the judges in 1590, and continues, with little alteration, to this day. Consult Putnam's Early Treatises on the Practice of the Justices of the Peace in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries. This appoints them all, jointly and severally, to keep the peace in the county named; and any two or more of them to inquire of and determine felonies and other misdemeanours in such county committed, in which number some particular justices, or one of them, are directed to be always included, and no business done without ...
Special case
Special case. By (English) R.S.C. 1883, Ord. XXXIV., the parties may, after writ issued, concur in stating the questions of law arising in the action in the form of a special case for the opinion of the Court, and 'if it appear to the Court or a judge that there is in any action a question of law which it would be convenient to have decided before any evidence is given or any question or issue of fact is tried, or before any reference is made to a referee or an arbitrator, the Court or judge may make an ordr accordingly, and may direct such question of law to be raised for the opinion of the Court, either by special case, or in such other manner as the Court or judge may deem expedient.' Similar power is given to referees to state a case by Ord. XXXVI., r. 52, and see the (English) Administration of Justice Act, 1932 (22 & 23 Geo. 5, c. 55). As to special case before the Judicature Acts, see (English) C.L.P. Act, 1852, ss. 42-48, and 13 & 14 Vict. c. 35 [(English) Turner's Act]. Where ...
Solicitor
Solicitor, an officer of the Supreme Court of Judicature, who, and who only, is entitled to 'sue out any writ or process, or commence, carry on, solicit, or defend any action, suit or other proceeding' in any Court whatever (see (English) Solicitors Act, 1932, s. 45). 'Solicitor of the Supreme Court' was the title given by the (English) Judicature Act, 1843, s. 87, to all attorneys, solicitors, and proctors, and continued by (English) Solicitors Act 1932, s. 81. Prior to that Act, 'attorneys' conducted business in the Common Law Courts, 'solicitors' business in the Court of Chancery and 'proctors' ecclesiastical and Admiralty business; but it was the general practice, although any person might be admitted to practise as an attorney or solicitor only, to be admitted to practise as an attorney and solicitor also.Solicitors practise as advocates before magistrates at petty sessions and quarter sessions where there is no bar, in County Courts, at Arbitrations, at Judges' Chambers, Coroners...
Decree of affirmance
Decree of affirmance, in determining the question as to whether the appellate decree passed by the High Court affirmed the decision of the trial Court the appellate decree must be considered as a whole in relation to the decision of the trial Court similarly considered as a whole. If there is a variation made in the appellate decree in the decision of the trial court it is not a 'decree of affirmance' and this is not affected either by the extent of the variation made or by the fact that the variation is made in favour of the intending appellant and not against him, T. Rajaram v. T. Radhakrishnayya, AIR 1961 SC 1795 (1801): (1962) 2 SCR 452. [Civil Procedure Code (5 of 1908), s. 110]...
Leave to defend
Leave to defend. The repealed (English) Bills of Exchange Act, 1855 (18 & 19 Vict.c.67), commonly called 'Keating's Act,' allowed actions on bills or notes commenced within six months after being due, to be by writ of summons in a form provided by the Act, and, unless the defendant should within twelve days obtain leave to appear and defend the action, allowed the plaintiff to sign judgment on proof of service. This procedure was retained by the (English) Judicature Act, 1875, Ord. II., r. 6, but abolished in 1880 by Ord. II., r. 6 (annulled 1917).By (English) R.S.C. 1883, Ord. III., r. 6, as amended by (English) R.S.C. 1933, in respect of forfeiture for non-payment of rent, it is provided that in all actions where the plaintiff seeks merely to recover a debt or liquidated demand (see QUANTUM MERUIT) in money, or possession where a tenancy has expired or been determined by notice to quit, or has become liable to forfeiture for non-payment of rent, the writ of summons may, at the option...
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