Declared Goods - Law Dictionary Search Results
Home Dictionary Name: declared goods Page: 6Will, Estate at
Will, Estate at. This estate entitled the grantee or lessee to the possession of land during the pleasure of both the grantor and himself, yet it creates no sure or durable right, and is bounded by no definite limits as to duration. It must be at the reciprocal will of both parties expressly or by implication (Co. Litt. 55 a), and the dissent of either determines it. The grantee cannot transfer the estate to another, although after he has entered into possession he may accept a release of the inheritance from the grantor, for there exists a privity between them. It must end at the death of either party, for death deprives a person of the power of having any will. If a lessee for years accept an estate at will in the property lease, his term of years would in law be surrendered.An estate at will is created either by the stipulation or express agreement of the parties, or by construc-tion of law.S. 54 of the Law of Property Act, 1925, enacts that a lease by parol for a longer term than t...
Unclaimed property
Unclaimed property. This devolves on the Crown at Common Law. Unclaimed property may be dealt with under the heads of (1) Government Stock, (2) Chancery Funds, (3) Stock in Public Companies, (4) Bankers' Balances, (5) Deposits with Bankers for Safe Custody, and (6) Found Property.(1) Government Stock.-The National Debt Act, 1870 (33 & 34 Vict. c. 71), ss. 51 et seq., as extended by 20 & 21 Geo. 5, c. 28, s. 49 provides that stock on which no dividend has been claimed for ten years must be transferred to the National Debt Commissioners. Lists of names in which the stock stood, with residence, description and amount of stock and date of transfer, are to be kept at the Bank of England [or Ireland, but see 13 Geo. 5, c. 2, s. 6 (d)] and at the National Debt Office, open to inspection, and also kept in duplicate at the National Debt Office. The stock may be re-transferred to persons showing title after, in the case of stock exceeding 20l., three months' public notice by advertisement. A sec...
Recovery
Recovery, the obtaining a thing by judgment or trial.The regaining or restoration of something lost or taken away, Black's Law Dictionary, 7th Edn., p. 1280.A true recovery is an actual or real recovery of anything, or the value thereof, by judgment; as if a man sue for any land or other thing movable or immovable, and gain a verdict or judgment.A feigned recovery. An abolished common assurance by matter of record, in fraud of the statute De Donis, whereby a tenant-in-tail in possession enlarged his estate-tail into a fee-simple and so barred the entail, and all remainders and reversions expectant there-on, with all conditions and collateral limitations annexed to them, and subsequent charges sub-ordinate to the entail. But incumbrances on the estate-tail equally affected such fee-simple, and any estate or interest prior to the entail remained undisturbed.This assurance consisted of two parts: (1) The recovery itself, which was a fictitious rea action in the Court of Common Pleas, carr...
Judge
Judge [fr. juge, Fr.; judex, Lat.], one invested with authority to determine any cause or question in a Court of judicature. The word 'judge' denotes not only every person who is officially designated as a judge but also every person who is empowered by law to give, in any legal proceeding, civil or criminal, definitive judgment, or a judgment which, if not appealed against, would be definitive, or a judgment which, is confirmed by some other authority, would be definitive or who is one of a body of persons which body of persons is em-powered by law to give such a judgement (Indian Penal Code, 1860, s. 19)To secure the dignity and political independence of the judges of the Supreme Court, it is enacted by s. 5 of the (English) Jud. Act, 1875 (replaced by Jud. Act, 1925, s. 12), repeating in effect a provision of the Act of Settlement (12 & 13 Wm. 3, c. 2), that the judges of the Supreme Court (with the exception of the Lord Chancellor, who goes out with the Ministry) shall hold their o...
Estate
Estate [fr. status, Lat.; etat, Fr.], the condition and circumstance in which an owner stands with regard to his property. The word is used in several senses and may denote either an estate in land; or an estate in property other than land; a legal estate or an equitable estate, land being an immovable is capable of being the subject of many estates existing concurrently with each other, thus the absolute ownership or fee simple may be leased and sub-leased, mortgaged and charged, each of the holders of these estates having a good legal or equitable estate at the same time; again, estates may be in possession, or in futuro; personal property may also be subject concurrently to a variety of ownerships, according to its nature; technically, in regard to land, the word is used to denote the quantity of interest, e.g., estate in fee simple, for life, for years, etc., in either legal or equitable estates. In practice its most important division is into real estate and personal estate, altho...
Mandate
Mandate [fr. mandatum, Lat.], a judicial command, charge, commission.Also, a bailment of goods, without reward, to be carried from place to place, or to have some act performed about them. The person employing is called in the Civil Law mandans or mandator, and the person employed mandatarius or mandatory. The distinction between a mandate and a deposit is that in the latter the principal object of the parties is the custody of the thing; and the service and labour are merely accessorial. In the former, the labour and service are the principal objects of the parties, and the thing is merely accessorial. Three things are necessary to create a mandate: (1) that there should exist something which should be the subject of the contract, or some act or business to be done; (2) that it should be done gratuitously; (3) that the parties should voluntarily intend to enter into the contract. A mandatary incurs three obligations: (1) to do the act which is the object of the mandate, and with which...
Trade Union
Trade Union. The Acts 30 & 31 Vict. cc. 8, 74, provided for facilitating the proceedings of a commission appointed by Queen Victoria to inquire into and report on the organization and rules of trade unions, and other associations of employers and workmen. The (English) Trade Union Act, 1871 (34 & 35 Vict. c. 31), provides:-S. 2. 'The purposes of any trade union shall not, by reason merely that they are in restraint of trade, be deemed to be unlawful, so as to render any member of such trade union liable to criminal prosecution for conspiracy or otherwise.'S. 3. 'The purposes of any trade union shall not, by reason merely that they are in restraint of trade, be unlawful so as to render void or voidable any agreement or trust.'S. 4. 'Nothing in this Act shall enable any court to entertain any legal proceeding instituted with the object of directly enforcing or recovering damages for breach of any of the following agreements, namely,(1) Any agreement between members of a trade union as su...
Sanctuary
Sanctuary, privilege of, existed in England from a period commencing soon after the conversion of the Saxons to Christianity. Its effect was that a person accused of any crime except treason or sacrilege might by flying to any church or churchyard, or even to certain other places in Westminster, Wells, Norwich, or York, or in London to Whitefriars or the Savoy, within forty days, on confession and taking oath of abjuration of the realm (see ABJURATION), escape to a foreign country, under the disability of not being able to return without the royal licence. If arrested during the forty days, he might put in the plea of Sanctuary. The privilege extended to civil as well as criminal process, but was attended by attainder of blood and forfeiture of goods.Sanctuary and abjuration were abolished in 1625 by 21 Jac.1, c. 21, after having been restricted by 26 Hen. 8, c. 13, 27 Hen. 8, c. 19, and 39 Hen. 8, c. 12.Means an area declared as a sanctuary by notification under the provisions of Chap...
Rent
Rent [fr. reditus Lat.], a certain profit issuing yearly out of lands and tenements corporeal; it may be regarded as of a two fold nature--first, as some-thing issuing out of the land, as a compensation for the possession during the term; and secondly, as an acknowledgment made by the tenant to the lord of his fealty or tenure. It must always be a profit, yet there is no necessity that it should be, as it usually is, a sum of money; for spurs, capons, horses, corn, and other matters, may be, and occasionally are, rendered by way of rent; it may also consist in services or manual operations, as to plough so many acres of ground and the like; which services, in the eye of the law, are profits. The profit must be certain, or that which may be reduced to a certainty by either party; it must issue yearly, though it may be reserved every second, third, or fourth year; it must issue out of the thing granted, and not be part of the land or the thing itself.Consideration paid, usu. periodically...
Preamble
Preamble, in the British Parliament, a Preamble is not often incorporated now in a public Bill, however, it appears in a Bill of great Constitutional importance or in a Bill to give effect to international conventions, Parliamentary Practice, Erskine May, 22nd Edn., 1977, p. 462.Preamble, introduction, preface; also the beginning of an Act of Parliament, etc., serving to portray the interests of its framers, and the mischiefs to be remedied; a good mean to find out the meaning of the statute, and as it were a key to open the understanding thereof, 1 Inst. 79 a; and see the Sussex Peerage Case, (1844) 11 Cl&F 143; Winn v. Mossman, (1869) LR 4 Ex 299; Maxwell on Statutes; Hardcastle on Statutes; Mew's Digest, tit. 'Statute'; the effect of the cases being that as a general rule the preamble is to be resorted to only in case of ambiguity in the statute itself.Preamble, which in early (English) Acts (see, e.g., 4 & 5 W. & M. c. 18, the Act of Settlement, and the Irish Act, 1 Car. 1, c. 1), ...
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