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Home Dictionary Name: da Page: 5Special Leave to Appeal
Special Leave to Appeal, in England, the judicial committee of the Privy Council possesses the power to grant special leave to appeal, a petition for special leave lies where the court below lacks the power to grant leave to appeal or possessing that power has declined to exercise that power, in criminal cases, leave is granted only when some substantial or gross injustice has been done; in civil cases, on a question of general interest or public importance, A Commentary on the Constitution of India, Durga Das Basu, 6th Edn., Vol. G, p. 305.Is exercisable outside the purview of the ordinary law relating to appeal and in cases where needs of justice demand interference by the highest court of the land; to be exercised only under exceptional circumstances, A Commentary on the Constitution of India, Durga Das Basu, 6th Edn., Vol. G, p. 305.The Supreme Court of India possesses the power to grant special leave to appeal from any judgment, decree, determination, sentence or order in any caus...
Rule of procedure
Rule of procedure, each House has the absolute right of interpreting its rules; courts have no power to interfere in the matter of the application of these relating to the internal management of the House, A Commentary on the Constitution of India, Durga Das Basu, 6th Edn., Vol. G, p. 122.Rule of procedure, rule making power of British Parliament is absolute, A Commentary on the Constitution of India, Durga Das Basu, 6th Edn., Vol. G, Art. 118(1)....
Revocation
Revocation, includes cancellation of all orders invalid as well as valid, Hadibandu Das v. District Magistrate, AIR 1969 SC 43 (48). [Preventive Detention Act, 1950, s. 13(2)]The undoing of a thing granted, or a destroying or making void of some deed that had existence until the act of revocation made it void. It may be either general, of all acts and things done before; or special, to revoke a particular thing, 5 Rep. 90.The word revocation' means annulling, rescinding, withdrawing. In the facts and circumstances of the case orders of release cancelling orders of detention amount to revocation of orders of detention, Pradip Kumar Das v. State of West Bengal, AIR 1974 SC 2151 (2153): (1975) 3 SCC 335: (1975) 1 SCR 327. [MISA., s. 14(2)]Revocation is a process of recall of what had been done, Ibrahim Bachu Bafan v. State of Gujarat, AIR 1985 SC 697 (700): (1985) 2 SCC 24: (1985) 2 SCR 891.The word revocation is only apposite when it is intended to repeal, annul or withdraw some order wh...
Reduction in rank
Reduction in rank, a civil servant is reduced in rank only after an inquiry is held; he is informed of the charges against him in such inquiry and he is given a reasonable opportunity of being heard in respect of those charges. [Constitution of India, Art. 311(2)]Reduction in rank, if a civil servant has a right to a particular rank, then the very reduction from that rank will operate as a penalty, for he will then lose the emoluments and privileges of that rank. If, however, he has no right to the particular rank, his reduction from an officiating higher rank to his substantive lower rank will not ordinarily be a punishment (AIR 1958 SC 36 referred); Shitla Sahai Srivastava v. North Eastern Railways, AIR 1966 SC 1197 (1199): (1966) 3 SCR 61.The reduction in rank contemplated by the Article 311 of Constitution of India, 1950 is reduction as a punishment and where no punishment is involved the Article had no application. Any variation in the order of seniority to the prejudice of an off...
Reasonable restriction
Reasonable restriction, the expression 'reasonable restriction' signifies that the limitation imposed on a person in enjoyment of the right should not be arbitrary or of an excessive nature, beyond what is required in the interests of the public. The test of reasonableness, wherever prescribed, should be applied to each individual statute impugned, and no abstract standard, or general pattern of reasonableness can be laid down as applicable in all cases. The restriction which arbitrarily or excessively invades the right cannot be said to contain the quality of reasonableness and unless it strikes a proper balance between the freedom guaranteed in art. 19(1)(g) and the social control permitted by cl. (6) of art. 19, it must be held to be wanting in that quality, Bishamber Dayal Chandra Mohan v. State of Uttar Pradesh, AIR 1982 SC 33 (35): (1982) 1 SCC 39: (1982) 1 SCR 1137.The expression 'reasonable restrictions' signifies that the limitation imposed on a person in enjoyment of that rig...
Preamble
Preamble, in the British Parliament, a Preamble is not often incorporated now in a public Bill, however, it appears in a Bill of great Constitutional importance or in a Bill to give effect to international conventions, Parliamentary Practice, Erskine May, 22nd Edn., 1977, p. 462.Preamble, introduction, preface; also the beginning of an Act of Parliament, etc., serving to portray the interests of its framers, and the mischiefs to be remedied; a good mean to find out the meaning of the statute, and as it were a key to open the understanding thereof, 1 Inst. 79 a; and see the Sussex Peerage Case, (1844) 11 Cl&F 143; Winn v. Mossman, (1869) LR 4 Ex 299; Maxwell on Statutes; Hardcastle on Statutes; Mew's Digest, tit. 'Statute'; the effect of the cases being that as a general rule the preamble is to be resorted to only in case of ambiguity in the statute itself.Preamble, which in early (English) Acts (see, e.g., 4 & 5 W. & M. c. 18, the Act of Settlement, and the Irish Act, 1 Car. 1, c. 1), ...
Persons lawfully employed
Persons lawfully employed, has been interpreted to refer to the law enforcing agencies, Habibur Rahman Khan v. Jagdish Mondal, (1982) 1 Cal LJ 270; Bangshi Das v. Ajit Kumar Das, (1988) 16 Reports (Cal) 60....
Respectively
Respectively, means belonging or relating separately to each of several people, Canara Bank v. Demasis Das, (2003) SCC 557.The expression 'respectively', means belonging or relating separately to each of several people. It is a word of severance, Canara Bank v. Debasis Das, (2003) 4 SCC 557. [Canara Bank Officer Employees' (Conduct) Regulations, 1976, Regn 6(18), 6(21) (7)]...
Material alteration
Material alteration, A material alteration is one which varies the rights, liabilities, or legal position of the parties as ascertained by the deed in its original state, or otherwise varies the legal effect of the instrument as originally expressed, or reduces to certainty some provision which was originally unascertained and as such void, or which may otherwise prejudice the party bound by the deed as originally executed, Loonkaran Sethia v. Mr. Ivan E. John, AIR 1977 SC 336 (347): (1977) 1 SCC 379: (1977) 1 SCR 853.The material alterations contemplate change of substantial nature affecting the form and character of the building. Many a time tenants make minor constructions and alterations for the convenient use of the tenanted accommodation. The legislature does not provide for their eviction; instead, the construction so made would furnish ground for eviction only when they bring about substantial change in the front and structure of the building. The essential element which needs ...
Directive principles of State Policy
Directive principles of State Policy, some of the important directive principles require the State to strive to secure for its citizen legal justice and free legal aid, Constitution of India, Art. 39(A).A law giving effect to any of the Directive Principles shall not be void on the ground that it is inconsistent with or takes away or abridges only of the rights conferred by Article 14 or Article 19 of the Constitution, Constitution of India, Art. 3(C).is the constitutional directions and principles fundamental in the governance of the country, Constitution of India, Art. 37.Broadly classified under three categories (i) economic ideals which State should strive to attain, (ii) directions to the legislatures and executive regarding their exercise of powers, and (iii) certain rights of the citizens which the State has to secure by its legislative and administrative policy, Commentary of the Constitution of India, Durga Das Basu, Vol. 11, p. 303.It is the duty of the State to apply these p...
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