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Adverse party

Adverse party, the term 'adverse party' connotes that party which has a right and opportunity to cross-examine in the first proceeding. This proviso, therefore, obviously protects the rights of the adverse party in the first

Hostile Witness

so conducts himself under examination-in-chief that the party who has called him, or his representative, is allowed to cross-examine him by the Criminal Procedure Act, 1865 (28 & 29 Vict. c. 18), which applies to civil actions

Oral evidence

include not only the one adduced by examining the witnesses, on behalf of such party, but also the cross-examination of witness by the opposite party, in relation to it, Nandan Mohanama v. Markonda Narasimha Rao, AIR 2006 … Oral evidence, include not only the one adduced by examining the witnesses, on behalf of such party, but also the cross-examination of witness by the opposite party, in

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Redirect

Applied to the examination of a witness by the party calling him after the cross examination … Applied to the examination of a witness by the party calling him after the cross examination

Dying declaration

is neither made on oath nor in the presence of the accused. It is, therefore, not tested by cross-examination on behalf of the accused. But a dying declaration is admitted in evidence by way of an exception

Subp'na

in evidence is desired. Such a person need not be sworn, and in that case he cannot be cross-examined. Se DUCES TECUM. These subp'nas are also used in criminal proceedings; four witnesses can be included in one

Show-cause

the person concerned and controverting of contentions raised against him, shall be given, and where necessary, opportunity of cross-examining witnesses of the other side and of addressing arguments shall also be afforded, Shyam Lal v. State of

Relevancy and admissibility

so also facts which are admissible may not be relevant, for example, questions permitted to be put in cross-examination to test the veracity or impeach the credit of witnesses, though not relevant are admissible. The probative value

Reasonable opportunity

him are and the allegations on which such charges are based; (b) an opportunity to defend himself by cross-examining the witnesses produced against him and by exam-ining himself and his witnesses in support of his defence; and

hearsay rule

Rule 802 of the Federal Rules of Evidence. Hearsay is inadmissible as evidence because of the unavailability of cross-examination to test the accuracy of the statement. There are numerous exceptions to the rule, however, mainly for statements

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