Constructive Notice - Law Dictionary Search Results
Home Dictionary Name: constructive notice Page: 3 Page 3 of about 42 results (0.004 seconds)Joint-tenancy
Joint-tenancy. This tenancy is created where the same interest in real or personal property is, by the act of the party, passed by the same matter of conveyance or claim in solido, and not as merchan-dise, or for purposes of speculation, to two or more persons in the same right, either simply, or by construction or operation of law jointly, with a jus accrescendi, that is, a gradual concentration of property from more to fewer, by the accession of the part of him or them that die to the survivors or survivor, till it passes to a single hand, and the joint-tenancy ceases.Anciently, joint-tenancy was favoured because it did not induce fractions of estates, and returning to early principles the (English) Land Legislation of 1925 has employed the tenure generally as the machinery by which legal estate may in such cases always be in some person, called the estate owner, who is competent to give a title to the whole estate without the concurrence of other parties. that legal estate has been ...
Chose
Chose [Fr., a thing]; it is used in divers senses, of which the four following are the most important:--(1) Chose local, a thing annexed to a place, as a mill, etc.(2) Chose transitory, that which is movable, and may be taken away, or carried from place to place.(3) Chose in action, otherwise called chose in suspense, a thing of which a man has not the possession or actual enjoyment, but has a right to demand by action or other proceedings, as a debt, bond, etc. A well-known rule of the Common Law was that no possibility, right, title, or thing in action, could be assigned to a third party, for it was thought that a different rule would be the occasion of multiplying litigation: as it would in effect be transferring a lawsuit to a mere stranger, though the assignee might, at law, and was assisted in equity to sue the debtor in the name of the assignor. At law, therefore, with the exception of negotiable instruments, an interesse termini, and some few other securities, this until 1873 c...
possession
possession 1 : the act, fact, or condition of having control of something: as a : actual possession in this entry b : constructive possession in this entry c : knowing dominion and control over a controlled substance or other contraband d in the civil law of Louisiana : the detention or enjoyment of a corporeal thing e : control or occupancy of property actual possession 1 : direct occupancy, use, or control of real property [had actual possession of the land despite a lack of legal title] 2 : direct physical custody, care, or control of property or contraband (as illegal drugs) [actual possession is not necessary to sustain a conviction "State v. Garrison, 896 S.W.2d 689 (1995)"] adverse possession : actual possession of another's real property that is open, hostile, exclusive, continuous, adverse to the claim of the owner, often under a claim of right or color of title, and that may give rise to title in the possessor if carried out for a specified statutory period (as ...
Bail
Bail [fr. bailler, Fr., to hand over], to set at liberty a person arrested or imprisoned, on security being taken for his appearance on a day and at a place certain, which security is called bail, because the party arrested or imprisoned is delivered into the hands of those who bind themselves or become bail for his due appearance when required, in order that he may be safely protected from prison, to which they have, if they fear his escape, etc., the legal power to deliver him.Means a security such as cash or a bond, especially security required by court for the release of a prisoner who must appear at a further time, Black Law Dictionary, 7th Edn., p. 135.Bail, a temporary release of a prisoner in exchange for security given for the prisoner's appearance at a later hearing, Webster's Dictionary of Law, Indian Edn., (2005), p. 41.Bail may be given either in civil or criminal cases.In civil cases there were, before the abolition of arrest on mesne process by the Debtors Act, 1869:-(1)...
Deed
Deed [fr. d'd, Sax.; ded gaded, Goth.;daed, Dut.], a formal document on paper or parchment duly signed, sealed, and delivered. It is either an indenture (factum inter partes) needing an actual indentation [(English) Real Property Act, 1845 (8 & 9 Vict. c. 106), s. 5], reproduced by the Law of Property Act, 1925, s. 56 (2), made between two or more persons in different interests, or a deed-poll (charta de una parte) made by a single person or by two or more persons having similar interests. By the (English) Law of Property Act, 1925, s. 57, a deed may be described according to the nature of the transaction, e.g., 'this lease,' 'this mortgage,' etc., or as a 'deed' and not habitually by the word 'indenture.'The requisites of a deed are these:-(1) Sufficient parties and a proper subject of assurance.(2) It must be written, engrossed, printed, or lithographed, or partly written or engrossed, and partly printed or lithographed in any character or in any language, on paper, vellum, or parchm...
Implied trusts
Implied trusts. an implied trust is one which arises from an equitable construction put upon the facts, conduct, or situation of parties.Implied trusts have been distributed into two classes: (1) those depending upon the presumed intent of the parties, as where property is delivered by one to another to be handed over to a third person, the receiver holds it upon an implied trust in favour of such third person; (2) those not depending upon such intention, but arising by operation of law, in cases of fraud, or notice of an adverse equity.A trust of this kind arises wherever the estate is converted by the trustee from one species of property into another; for if the property, in its original form, were invested with a trust, the cestui que trust's interests cannot be affected by any change of that form: and whether the conversion be in pursuance or in breach of the trustee's duty is immaterial; for an abuse of trust cannot confer any right on the party abusing it, or on those who claim i...
Improvement of land
Improvement of land. The (English) Improvement of Land Acts, 1864 and 1899 (27 & 28 Vict. c. 114, and 62 & 63 Vict. c. 46), enumerate a number of 'im-provements' such as the following: (1) Drainage; (2) Irrigation and Warping; (3) Embanking from the sea, etc.; (4) Inclosing, and redivision of fields; (5) Reclamation; (6) Making roads, tramways, railways, and canals; (7) Clearing; (8) Erection and improvement of cottage and farm buildings; (9) Planting for shelter; (10) Construction of mills, etc.; (11) Construction of landing-places; and allowed tenants for life to charge the cost of such improvements upon the fee of a settled estate with the sanction of the In closure Commissioners, after notice to persons in remainder, and certain specifications and surveys;-the sanction of the Commissioners to be given 'if they found (s. 25) that the improvements would effect a permanent increase of the yearly vale of the lands proposed to be improved.' The Acts have been amended by the (English) Ag...
Practice
Practice, connotes repeated events but that will not affect the construction to be placed on the words 'unfair labour practice to dismiss or discharge, Hindustan Lever Ltd. v. Ashok V. Kate, AIR 1966 SC 285, p. 301, (see Maharashtra Recognition of Trade Unions and Prevention of Unfair Labour Practices Act, 1971, Sch. IV, item 1).Practice, denotes the mode of proceeding by which a legal right is enforced as distinguished from the law which gives and defines the right, State of Seraikella v. Union of India, AIR 1951 SC 253: 1951 SCR 474: 1951 SCJ 425.Practice, includes any practice relating to the carrying on of any trade by a person or an enterprise. [Competition Act, 2002 (92 of 2003), s. 2(m)]The form and manner of conducting and carrying on suits, actions, or prosecutions at law or in equity, civil or criminal, through their various stages, from the commencement to final judgment and execution, according to principles and rules laid down by the several Courts. As to the precise meani...
Precedent
Precedent, a decision is a precedent of its own features. Further, the enunciation of the reason or principle on which a question before a court has been decided is alone binding as a precedent, Uttaranchal Road Transport Corporation v. Mansaram Nainwal, (2000) 6 SCC 366.A precedent acquirers added authority from lapse of time, the longer a precedent has remained unquestioned, the more hard it becomes to reverse it. The courts has to adopt a construction of law, which would inevitably result in upsetting titles long founded on the contrary view, Pratap Bahadur Sahi v. Lakshmidhar Singh, AIR 1946 PC 189: 73 IA 231; Vijaya Charari v. Khubchand, AIR 1964 SC 1099.Precedent, are not an immutable dogma. Courts may evolve principles which are applicable to the facts involved in each case, Rumana Begum v. Government of Andhra Pradesh, 1992 Cr LJ 3512.Means every judgment must be based upon facts, declared by the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 to be relevant and duly proved. But when a Judge, in dec...
Pawn or Pledge
Pawn or Pledge [fr. pignus, Lat.], a bailment of goods by a debtor to his creditor, to be kept till the debt is discharged.A mortgage of goods is in the Common Law distinguishable from a mere pledge or pawn. By a mortgage the whole legal title passes conditionally to the mortgagee; and if the goods be not redeemed at the stipulated time, the title becomes absolute at law although equity allows a redemption. But in a pledge, a special property only passes to the pledgee, the general property remaining in the pledgor. Also, in the case of a pledge, the right of a pledgee is not consummated, except by possession; and, ordinarily, when that possession is relinquished, the right of the pledgee is extinguished or waived. But, in the case of a mortgage of personal property the right of property passes by the conveyance to the mortgagee, and the possession is not or may not be essential to create or support the title.As to things which may be the subject of pawn: These are, ordinarily, goods a...
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