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Property

even intangible, including debts and chooses in action such as unpaid accumulation of wages, pension, cash grants, and constitutionally protected privy purse, See M.M. Pathak v. Union of India, AIR 1978 SC 802. Decree is to be

Pension

in lurch. Pension as a retirement benefit is in consonance with and furtherance of the goals of the Constitution. The most practical raison d'etre for pensions is the inability to provide for oneself due to old age.

Life

Life, rights to life guaranteed by Article 21 Constitution of India includes livelihood, K. Chandru v. State of Tamil Nadu, (1985) 3 SCC 536: AIR 1986 SC

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Governor

Halsbury's Laws of England, 4th Edn., Vol. 37, p. 1188. Reports to the President on the failure of constitutional machinery in the State, Constitution of India, Art. 200. The executive power including all acts necessary for carrying

Equal pay for equal work

of service, State of Andhra Pradesh v. G. Sreenivasa Rao, (1989) 2 SCC 290. Article 39(d) of the Constitution proclaims 'equal pay for equal work for both men and women' as a Directive Principle of State Policy.

Discrimination

State of Punjab, AIR 1990 SC 820 (832): (1990) 3 SCC 87. [Constitution of India, Art. 304(a)] The Constitution of India prohibits the State from discriminating against any citizen in respect of any employment under it on

Inter-State Council

inter-State Commission is established for the execution and maintenance within the Commonwealth of the provisions of the Australian Constitution relating to trade and commerce; in U.S.A. the Council of State Governments is created to consider inter-State problems

Theory of basic structure

Theory of basic structure, the theory of a 'basic stru-cture' of the Constitution cannot be used to build into the Constitution an imaginary part which may be in conflict with constitutional

Reduction in rank

1966 SC 1197 (1199): (1966) 3 SCR 61. The reduction in rank contemplated by the Article 311 of Constitution of India, 1950 is reduction as a punishment and where no punishment is involved the Article had no

Preamble

Preamble is not often incorporated now in a public Bill, however, it appears in a Bill of great Constitutional importance or in a Bill to give effect to international conventions, Parliamentary Practice, Erskine May, 22nd Edn., 1977,

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