Citizen - Law Dictionary Search Results
Home Dictionary Name: citizen Page: 3Weaker section of society
Weaker section of society, the expression 'weaker sections of society' includes also citizens of 'backward classes' who are covered by notification issued in pursuance to articles 15(4) and 16(4) of the Constitution, AIR 1988 MP 142 (144). [Constitution of India, Arts. 15(4) & 16(4)]Members of the Scheduled Castes and Schedules Tribes have ordinarily been accepted as belonging to the weaker sections. Attempt to bring in the test of economic means has often been tried but no guideline has been evolved. Apart from the members of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, there would be millions of other citizens who would also belong to the weaker sections. The Constitution makers intended all citizens of India belonging to the weaker sections to be benefited when Article 46 was incorporated in the Constitution. Parliament in adopting the same language in s. 21 of Act also intended people of all weaker sections to have the advantage. It is, therefore, appropriate that the Central Governm...
preference system
preference system The nine categories since fiscal year 1992 among which the family-sponsored and employment-based immigrant preference visas are distributed. The family-sponsored preferences are: 1) unmarried sons and daughters of U.S. citizens; 2) spouses, children, and unmarried sons and daughters of permanent resident aliens; 3) married sons and daughters of U.S. citizens; 4) brothers and sisters of U.S. citizens. The employment-based preferences are: 1) priority workers (persons of extraordinary ability, outstanding professors and researchers, and certain multinational executives and managers); 2) professionals with advanced degrees or aliens with exceptional ability; 3) skilled workers, professionals (without advanced degrees), and needed unskilled workers; 4) special immigrants; and 5) employment creation immigrants (investors). Source: U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services ...
privileges and immunities clause
privileges and immunities clause often cap P&I&C 1 : a clause in Article IV of the U.S. Constitution stating that the citizens of each state of the U.S. shall be entitled to all the privileges and immunities of citizens of the other states 2 : a clause in Amendment XIV to the U.S. Constitution stating that no state shall make or enforce any law that abridges the privileges or immunities of the citizens of the U.S. called also privileges or immunities clause ...
Social backwardness
Social backwardness, in ascertaining social back-wardness of a class of citizens it may not be irrelevant to consider the caste of the group of citizens. Caste cannot however be made the sole or dominant test. Social backwardness is in the ultimate analysis the result of poverty to a large extent. Social backwardness which results from poverty is likely to be aggravated by considerations of their caste. This shows the relevance of both caste and poverty in determining factor of social backwardness of citizens. Poverty by itself is not the determining factor of social backwardness. Poverty is relevant in the context of social backwardness, Kumari K.S. Jayasree v. State of Kerala, AIR 1976 SC 2381 (2385): (1976) 3 SCC 730: (1977) 1 SCR 194....
Discrimination
Discrimination, when used in Art. 304(a), involves an element of intentional and purposeful differentiation thereby creating economic barrier and involves an element of an unfavourable bias. It implies an unfair classification, Video Electronics P. Ltd. v. State of Punjab, AIR 1990 SC 820 (832): (1990) 3 SCC 87. [Constitution of India, Art. 304(a)]The Constitution of India prohibits the State from discriminating against any citizen in respect of any employment under it on the grounds of religion, race, caste sex, etc., Constitution of India, Art. 16(2).In India, Constitution prohibits the State from discriminating against any citizen on grounds of religion, race, sex, place of birth or any of them by putting restriction on their access and use certain public places, Constitution of India, Art. 15(1) and (2).The State is empowered to make special provisions for women, children socially and educationally backward classes, Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes citizens in this regard, Con...
Citizenship
Citizenship, citizenship is intimately connected with civic rights under municipal law. Hence, all citizens are nationals of a particular State, but all nationals may not be citizens of the State. In other words, citizens are those persons who have full political rights as distinguished from nationals, who may not enjoy full political rights and are still domiciled in that country, State Trading Corporation of India Ltd. v. Commercial Tax Officer, (1964) 4 SCR 89: AIR 1963 SC 1811 (1819).A person who, by either birth or naturalisation, is a member of a political community, owing allegiance to the community and being entitled to enjoy all its civil rights and protections; a member of a civil state, entitled to all its privileges, Black's Law Dictionary, 7th Edn.In India there is single citizenship. A person is a citizen of India, if (1) he has his domicile in the territory of India, and (a) he was born in the territory of India, or (b) either of whose parents was born in the territory o...
beneficiaries
beneficiaries Aliens on whose behalf a U.S. citizen, legal permanent resident, or employer have filed a petition for such aliens to receive immigration benefits from the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services. Beneficiaries generally receive a lawful status as a result of their relationship to a U.S. citizen, lawful permanent resident, or U.S. employer. Source: U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services ...
citizenship
citizenship 1 : the status of being a citizen 2 : the quality of an individual's behavior as a citizen 3 : domicile used esp. in federal diversity cases see also diversity jurisdiction at jurisdiction ...
immediate relative
immediate relative Spouse, widow(er) and unmarried children under the age of 21 of an American citizen. A parent is an immediate relative if the American citizen is 21 years of age or older. There are no numerical limits to immigration of immediate relatives. Source: Department of State. March 2007. ...
resident
resident : one who has a residence in a particular place but does not necessarily have the status of a citizen compare citizen, domiciliary resident adj ...
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