Cicero - Law Dictionary Search Results
Home Dictionary Name: ciceroCicero
Pica type so called by French printers...
Ciceronian
Resembling Cicero in style or action eloquent...
Ciceronianism
Imitation of or resemblance to the style or action Cicero a Ciceronian phrase or expression...
Actor
Actor, a doer, generally a plaintiff or complainant. In a civil or private action the plaintiff was called by the Romans petitor; in a public action (causa publica) he was called accusator. (Cic. Ad. Att. 1. 16.) The defendant was called reus, both in private and public causes; this term, however, according to Cicero (de Orat. Ii. 43), might signify either party, as indeed we might conclude from the word itself. In a private action the defendant was often called adversarius, but either party might be called so with respect to the other. Also a proctor or advocate in civil Courts or causes. Actor dominicus, a term often used for the lord's bailiff or attorney. Actor ecclesi' was sometimes the forensic term for the advocate or pleading patron of a church. Actor vill' was the steward or head bailiff of a town or village, Cowel.Actor is one who acts; a person whose conduct is in question, Black Law Dictionary, 7th Edn., p. 35....
Agraria lex
Agraria lex, an Agrarian law. Agrarian laws were enacted to distribute among the Roman people lands which they had gained by conquest, or to limit the quantity of such land possessed by each person to a certain number of acres, Cicero pro Leg. Agr....
Civil Law
Civil Law, that rule of action which every particular nation, commonwealth, or city has established peculiarly for itself, more properly distinguished by the name of municipal law.The term 'civil law' is now chiefly applied to that which the Romans complied from the laws of nature and nations.The 'Roman Law'and the 'Civil Law' are convertible phrases, meaning the same system of jurisprudence; it is now frequently denominated 'the Roman Civil Law.'The collections of Roman Civil Law, before its reformation in the sixth century of the Christian era by the eastern Emperor Justinian, were the following:--(1) Leges Regi'. These laws were for the most part promulgated by Romulus, Numa Pompilius and Servius Tullius. To Romulus are ascribed the formation of a constitutional government, and the imposition of a fine, instead of death, for crimes; Numa Pompilius composed the laws relating to religion and divine worship, and abated the rigour of subsisting laws; and Servius Tullius, the sixth king,...
Jus
Jus, law, right, equity, authority, and rule.A Roman 'magistratus' generally did not investigate the facts in dispute in such matters as were brought before him; he appointed a judex for that purpose, and gave him instructions. Accordingly, the whole procedure was expressed by the two phrases Jus and Judicium; of which the former comprehended all that took place before the magistratus (in jure), and the latter all that took place before the judex (in judicio). Originally, even the magistratus was called judex, as, for instance, the consul and pr'tor (Liv. iii. 55); and under the empire the term 'judex' often designated the pr'ses, Smith's Dict. of Antiq.All law jus) is distributed into two parts--Jus Gentium and Jus Civile--and the whole body of law peculiar to any state is its Jus Civile (Cic. De Orat. I. 44). The Roman Law, therefore, which is peculiar to the Roman state, is its Jus Civile, sometimes called Jus Civile Romanorum, but more frequently designated by the term Jus Civile o...
Piracy
Piracy [fr. pirata, Lat.], the commission of those acts of robbery and violence upon the sea, which if committed upon land wold amount to felony. Pirates hold no commission or delegated authority from any sovereign or State, empowering them to attack others. They can, therefore, be only regarded in the light of robbers. They are, as Cicero has truly stated, the common enemies of all (communes hostes omnium); and the law of nations gives to every one the right to pursue and exterminate them without any previous declaration of war (see Piracy Jure Gentium, 1934, AC 586, where a frustrated attempt was held to be piracy by that law); but it is not allowed to kill them without trial, except in battle. Those who surrender or are taken prisoners must be brought before the proper magistrates, and dealt with according to law. By the ancient Common Law of England, piracy, if committed by a subject, was held to be a species of treason, being contrary to his natural allegiance; if by an alien, to ...
Privilegia, or Laws ex post facto
Privilegia, or Laws ex post facto, laws which are enacted after an act is committed declaring it for the first time to have been a crime, and inflicting a punishment upon the person who has committed it. Compare Cicero Pro Domo, 17....
Restitutio in integrum
Restitutio in integrum, the rescinding of a contract or transaction, so as to place the parties to it in the same position, with respect to one another, which they occupied before the contract was made, or the transaction took place. The restitutio here spoken of is founded on the edict. If the contract or transaction is such as not to be valid, according to the jus civile this restitutio is not needed, and it only applies to cases of contracts and transactions, which are not in their nature or form invalid. In order to entitle a person to the restitutio, he must have sustained some injury capable of being estimated, in consequence of the contract or transaction, and not through any fault of his own, except in the case of one who is minor xxv. Annorum, who was protected by the restitutio against the consequences of his own carelessness.The following are the chief cases in which a restitutio might be decreed:-The case of vis et metus. When a man had acted under the influence of force or...
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