Chesterfield - Law Dictionary Search Results

Home Dictionary Name: chesterfield

Expectant heir. A person to whom property will accrue on the death of another person. expectant heirs wishing to anticipate this property have frequently borrowed money, to be repaid when the expected property shall devolve upon them. From the uncertainty of this period, the unsoundness of the security which the expectant heir can offer, and from the pressing character of his immediate necessities, the rate of interest is necessarily higher than that upon an ordinary loan, and is frequently very much higher than the risk run by the lender requires. At Common Law all such loans are good, and the interest upon them, however high, recoverable. By the Usury Acts, indeed-which, however, did not apply to loans to expectant heirs with any greater rigour than to loans to other persons'they were for a long period of yeas subject to the restriction that only a fixed maximum rate of interest could be exacted, but the Usury Acts were repealed in 1854 by 17 & 18 Vict. c. 90. See USURY.From very ear...

Fishery

Fishery, the right to take fish. Fisheries are either free, common, or several. A free fishery is the exclusive right of fishing in a public river, and is a royal franchise, Common of fishery, or common of piscary, is the right of fishing in another man's water. A several fishery is the exclusive right of fishing in another man's water, and he that has it, according to Blackstone, 'must also be the owner of the soil' (2 Bl. Com. 40). This position of Blackstone, however, has been questioned, and the distinction between the various kinds of fishery is not clear; see Hrg. Co. Litt. 122 a, n. 7; Holford v. Bailey, (1846) 8 QB 1000; 13 ib. 426; Marshall v. Ulleswater Steam navigation Co., (1863) 3 B&S 732; Chesterfield (Earl) v. Harris, (1908) 2 Ch 397; 1911 AC 623; Coulson and Forbes on the Law of Waters; Leake on Uses and Profits of Land. No right can exist in the public to fish in an inland non-tidal lake, O'Neil v. Johnston, (1909) 1 Ir R 237.The fishing rights of the lord of the manor...

Fixtures

Fixtures. Things of an accessory character which are not something which is part of the original struc-ture, Boswell v. Crucible Steel Co., (1925) 1 KB 119, annexed to houses or lands, which become, immediately on annexation, part of the realty itself, i.e., governed by the same law which applies to the land, in conformity with the maxim quicquid plantatur solo, solo cedit. The application of this legal principle, however, is not uniform, as may be thus shown:(1) Between landlord and tenant. If the chattels be not let into the soil, they are not fixtures at all, and may be removed at will, like any other species of personal property. When the chattel is connected with the free-hold, by being let into the earth, or by being cemented or otherwise united to some erection attached to the ground, the question arises-when may the tenant remove such fixtures?The general rule as to annexations made by a tenant during the continuance of his term is the following-Whenever he has affixed anything...

Piscary, Common of

Piscary, Common of, a right or liberty of fishing in the waters of another person, see Ecroyd v. Coulthard, (1898) 2 Ch 358; Chesterfield (Earl) v. Harris, (1908) 2 Ch 397; 1911 AC 623; Staffordshire, etc., Navigation v. Bradley, (1912) 1 Ch 91; and FISHERY....

Profit a prendre

Profit a prendre, ' right for a man, in respect of his tenement, to take some profit out of the tenement of another man. Except in the case of a copyholder no claim of a profit ' prendre in alieno solo can be made by custom, nor can it be claimed by a fluctuating body such as the inhabitants of a place (Williams on Rights of Common, p. 194). See LAMMAS LANDS. A prescription in a que estate for a profit a prendre in alieno solo without stint and for commercial purposes is unknown to the law, Harris v. Chesterfield (Earl), 1911 AC 623. As to a demise of a profit a prendre, see Radcliff v. Hayes, (1907) 1 Ir R 101. A profit a prendre in gross is a right of property which may be dealt with and transferred in the manner appropriate to the right, Welcome v. Upton, (1840) 6 M&W 536. Consult Gale on Easements, and Hall on Profits a Prende....

Que estate

Que estate [quorum statum, Lat.], as much as to say, whose estate he has. Where prescriptive rights are claimed by reason of the continuous and immemorial enjoyment thereof by the claimant, a person seised in fee, and by all those whose estate he has, this is called a prescription in a que estate. The phrase is taken from the Norman French: that he, and all those whose estate he has, have from time immemorial enjoyed the right-tous ceus que estate il ad.-Williams on Rights of Common, p. 16. A person cannot prescribe in anything by a que estate that lies in grant, and cannot pass without deed or fine; but in him and his ancestors he may, because he comes in by descent without any conveyance, Co. Litt. 121 a; 2 Bl. Com. 264; 2 Br. & Had.Com. 419. A prescription in a que estate for a profit a prendre in alieno solo without stint and for commercial pur-poses is unknown to the law, Harris v. Chesterfield (Earl), 1911 AC 623. See PRESCRIPTION....

Valuation

Valuation, is a process which does not end on marks being awarded by an examiner, Sanjay Singh v. U.P. Public Service Commission, (2007) 3 SCC 720.Means the act or process of valuing, Jensen v. Jensen, 458 NW 2d 391 (1990).This term is generally applied to the equivalent in money of any kind of property. Thus for the payment of estate duty, a valuation of property of all kinds has to be made. Perhaps the most important and the most difficult valuation is that of land. This has almost invariably to be undertaken whenever land is compulsorily acquired. The difficulties that surround this question were fully considered in the case of Re Lucas and Chesterfield Gas and Water Board, (1909) 1 KB 16, in which Lord Justice Moulton in the course of his judgment said (at p. 29):-'The principles upon which compensation is assessed when land is taken under compulsory powers are well-settled. The owner receives for the lands he gives up their equivalent-that is, that which they are worth to him in m...

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